攀西地区烤烟低温冷害空间分布特征分析

Spatial Distribution of Tobacco Chilling Damage in Panxi Region

为探讨攀西地区烤烟低温冷害空间分布特征,采用攀西地区15个烤烟种植县气象站1980—2015年4—9月逐日平均气温、最低气温,将攀西烤烟低温冷害类型分为延迟型、障碍型、杀伤型,界定其影响时段为春季大田生长前期,夏季旺长成熟期及秋初成熟采烤末期,逐年统计各站点烤烟春季、夏季及初秋季烤烟不同等级低温冷害的发生频率。结果表明:不同类型低温冷害重度发生频率相对较高的为夏季延迟型、秋季障碍型;中度发生频率较高为春季延迟型、夏季障碍型、秋季杀伤型、秋季障碍型;轻度发生频率较高为春季延迟型、夏季杀伤型。攀西东部昭觉县及攀西西部盐源县,除夏季延迟型低温冷害发生频率相对较低,其余5种类型不同等级低温冷害发生频率都相对较高。烤烟易受低温冷害影响最大的3个县集中在海拔相对较高的盐源、昭觉和木里。

In order to explore the spatial distribution of tobacco chilling damage in Panxi Region,the daily temperature and minimum temperature from April to September during 1980-2015 at 15 meteorological stations in the tobacco planting areas were used to analyze the spatial distribution of the flue-cured tobacco chilling damage in Panxi Region.The chilling damage was classified into three types,delayed injury,sterile-type injury and unrepairable injury,and these three types occurred at the early stage of field growth in spring,fast growth and maturity in summer,and the late maturity in early autumn.The frequencies of these three types of chilling damage were calculated at different levels each year. The frequencies of severe chilling damage was higher in summer and autumn,and the damage was caused by delayed injury and sterile-type injury,respectively.Moderate chilling damage was mainly caused by delayed injury in spring,sterile-type injury in summer,unrepairable injury in autumn and sterile-type injury in autumn.Mild damage happened more frequently in spring and summer,and the damages were delayed injury and unrepairable injury,respectively.The chilling damage was severe in Zhaojue County and Yanyuan County.In these two counties,apart from the low frequency of delayed injury in summer,the frequencies of the other five types of chilling damage were high.The tobacco in Yanyuan,Zhaojue and Muli counties,with the high altitude,was affected most severely by chilling damage.