农户生计策略选择与转型动力机制研究——基于宁夏回族聚居区451户农户的调查数据

Farmers' household strategies and their transitional dynamics— A study from the data of 451 farmers in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region

在快速城市化影响下,农户生计资本拥有量与结构配置发生了转变,影响着农户生计策略的选择,促进了生计方式的转型。宁夏回族呈现大杂居小聚居的特点,在其聚居区域选取22个乡村,451户农户进行调研,在对生计资本拥有量和结构进行测算的基础上,运用二元Logistic模型与多元Logistic模型对农户生计策略选择的影响因素与生计转型的动力进行分析,研究表明:(1)不同生计策略农户的生计资本组成结构有较大的差异,从反映其综合指数的多维发展能力来看,从高到低分别为二兼户、一兼户、非农户和纯农户;(2)自然资本对纯农户和一兼户的生计策略选择具有显著正向作用,金融资本、人力资本和社会资本对二兼户的生计策略选择具有显著正向作用,社会资本对非农户的生计策略选择具有显著正向作用;(3)从纯农户向一兼户转型的主要动力是金融资本,向二兼户转型的主要动力是人力资本与社会资本,向非农户转型的主要动力是社会资本,家庭综合劳动能力和社会交往多元化程度也是显著的促进因子。从阻滞因子看,不同的转型方式差异较大。最后,针对不同生计策略的农户,提出了更有针对性的扶持政策。

Under the influence of rapid urbanization, the shift is occurringbetween different types of livelihood capitals’ownership and structure con-figuration from farmers, impacting on the farmers’choice of household strate-gies, accelerating the transition of their livelihood models. Hui people inNingxia, China presents a characteristic of big area inhabited by several na-tionalities and little region inhabited by their own, selecting 22 villages’451 farmers to survey from it, based on calculation for farmers’livelihoodcapitals ownership and structure, by applying binary logistic model and mul-ti-logistic model to analyze the influence factors of farmers householdstrategies’ choice and the dynamic of livelihood transition. The researchshows： （1） Farmers livelihood capitals’composition of the different householdstrategies existsa big gap, in the multi-dimensional development capabilityfrom its composite index view, farmers are divided into households with beingbased on non-agriculture and supplemented by agriculture, households with be-ing based on agriculture and supplemented by non-agriculture, non-farmer, purepeasant households respectively from highest to lowest; （2） Natural capitalhas an apparently positive effect on pure peasant households and households with being based on agriculture and supplemented by non-agriculture’ s liveli-hood choice, however financial capital, human capital and social capital havea significantly positive impact on households with being based on non-agricul-ture and supplemented by agriculture’ s livelihood choice, and social capitalhas a prominently influence on non-farmer; （3）The main dynamic is financialcapital from pure peasant households to households with being based on agri-culture and supplemented by non-agriculture, the major dynamic is human capi-tal turning to households with being based on non-agriculture and supplementedby agriculture, and the chief dynamic is social capital toward non-farmer yet,the households comprehensive labor force and the social communication diversi-fication degree are prominently promoter for farmers’livelihood transition.Seeing from retardation factor, different types of transition modes existagreat difference. For household strategy of different farmers, policy supporthaving pertinence was proposed finally.