基于“上下分离”的日本城市轨道建设运营模式研究

“Separation of upper and lower”model of urban rail construction and operation in Japan

城市轨道有助于改善城市交通状况并助推城市发展,但现实中的轨道建设运营存在诸多阻碍,除巨额建设成本外,还牵涉多方利益的协调。为解决城市轨道建设运营面临的诸多问题,日本采取了"上下分离"的建设运营模式。所谓上下分离,是指由地方政府负责轨道的建设和维护,由市场化的私营企业来负责运营。从实施效果来看,上下分离模式提升了日本城市轨道的服务水平。本文以日本为例,对上下分离模式中运营者的加入方式、票价的确定方式及模式框架结构进行具体分析和经验总结,以为我国城市轨道的后续建设运营提供启示和借鉴。

Urban rail helps to improve the urban transport situation andpromoting urban development, but the reality of rail operations, there aremany obstacles, apart from the huge building costs, need for multi-stakeholdercoordination. To resolve the many problems facing urban rail, Japan adopteda＂Separation of upper and lower＂ mode of construction and operation. Theso-called separation of upper and lower, refers to the local governments areresponsible for construction and maintenance of the track, the liberalizationof the private sector responsible for operations. From the effects view,separation mode and raise up and down Japan urban rail services. Based on Japan, for example, adherence to the separation mode operators, freight isdetermined and analyzed and outlined the framework structure of the model andexperience.