中国古代神童诗现象研究之一——宋代寇准《华山诗》、汪洙《神童诗》的个案分析

A Study of the Phenomenon of Ancient Chinese Prodigy Poems——the Case Analysis of Kou Zhun's “Huashan Poetry” and Wang Zhu's “Prodigy Poems” in the Song Dynasty

中国古代童蒙教育中出现了不少的神童诗,一部分神童诗及其故事又成为童蒙教育中的案例,也是当今研究古代童蒙教育的文献材料。然而神童诗中部分材料的真伪问题值得考虑。如寇准《华山诗》比较有名,但是考察寇准别集、《华山诗》流变及文献来源,此诗很值得怀疑。据传为宋代汪洙所作的《神童诗》有时成为神童诗的代名词,然而《神童诗》既不完全是汪洙童年所作也不完全是汪洙个人所作。《神童诗》是神童诗现象的代表,也是问题的集中体现。有鉴于此,当运用众多的神童诗作为研究材料时,应该慎重。同时无论是真实的还是存疑的神童诗,只要适当运用,都有作为研究古代童蒙教育的价值。

In ancient China,there were many prodigy poems in enlightening education for childrewell as their stories had became the cases of primary education Actually,these prodigy poems are also the literature materialsof researching ancient primary education However, the authenticity of the materials is worth considering. For example,although the “Huashan Poetry” ismore well-known,its authenticity is doubtable through researcZhun,the evolvement of this poem and the literature sources. Sometimes,it is said that “Prodigy Poems” created byWang Zhu in the Song Dynasty has become the synonymous with prodigy poems. But the “Prodigy Poems” neither entirelZhu？s childhood, nor done entirely by himself. tt is the representative of the phenomenon of prodigy poems, but also aconcentrated expression of the problem. In these respects, When using masses of prodigy poems as research materials, itshould be careful. At the same time, as long as these materials use appropriately,no matter doubtable,they still have the value of studying ancient enlightening education