中共对“社会主义本质”的认知研究——兼谈其与“社会主义”概念的关系

On the CPC's Cognition of the "Essence of Socialism"——Also on its Relationship with the Concept of "Socialism"

"社会主义本质"一词是伴随着"社会主义"概念的讨论而诞生的,在20世纪20年代已经出现,但用法并未固定化。建国后,民主富强的任务提到了议事日程,中国开始了以苏联为模板的社会主义实践。中共的"社会主义"概念在实践中不断强化公有制、计划经济和按劳分配特征的同时,暗含着"社会主义"需要发展生产力的意蕴。但是随着"阶级斗争为纲"思想的愈演愈烈,"社会主义"同绝对平均主义等同起来。四人帮甚至将"社会主义本质"等同于贫穷,从而使社会主义要发展生产力的思想受挫。改革开放后,随着社会主义建设的深入发展,中共明确提出了"社会主义本质"的概念,它是为了解决什么是"社会主义"这个难题而出现的,深化了"社会主义"概念的内涵,推进了中国特色社会主义的发展。

The term ＂essence of socialism＂ emerged amid the debates over the concept of ＂ socialism＂ in the 1920s, yet without an accepted definition. As the task of building a democratic, strong and prosperous state＂ was put on the agenda after the founding of the Peopleg Republic, China set on its path to the practice of socialism mod- elled on the Soviet Union. In its practice of the concept, the Party stressed increasingly on its features of public ownership, planned economy, distribution principle of ＂ to each according to his work＂, and meanwhile revealed implicitly its demand for developing productivity. However, as the mindset of ＂class conflict as the guiding princi- ple＂ prevailed, socialism was equated to egalitarianism, and even to poverty by the ＂ Gang of Four＂ , which had thwarted the notion that ＂ socialism should develop its productivity＂. With the deepening of socialist construction since the reform and opening up, the Party put forward explicitly the concept of ＂essence of socialism＂ to solve the puzzle of ＂what is socialism＂ , which has offered insights into the connotation of the concept and boosted the devel- opment of socialism with Chinese characteristics.