城市矿产研究的理论与方法探析

Research on theories and methods of urban minerals

城市矿产是工业化和城市化过程的产物,是一种载能性、循环性、战略性资源,引起了各国政府和学者的高度关注,但目前国内外针对城市矿产的研究还未形成完整的理论体系和研究方法。本文指出,城市矿产是指蕴藏于城市中具有较高经济价值并可回收利用的二次资源,是相对于蕴藏于地下的原生矿产的另一种重要资源,在蓄积、回收和处理等方面都具有鲜明的特征。结合生命周期分析和物质流分析方法,认清城市矿产形成的过程和规律,揭示城市矿产成矿机理,是城市矿产研究的理论基础;立足于满足战略性新兴产业发展的需要,以"资源-技术-环境"为主轴,构建城市矿产战略性筛选体系,对城市矿产进行动态筛选并进行国际比较,把握城市矿产开发重点和时序,是城市矿产有序开发利用的前提条件;以城市矿产流量与存量关系刻画为主线,对重点城市矿产进行分类评估,测算其开发潜力,分析其时空格局历史演变模式,预测未来发展趋势,绘制城市矿产潜力时空图谱,是城市矿产研究的重点;以城市矿产与原生矿产、海外矿产的关系为主线,结合系统动力学研究城市矿产开发利用的资源效应、环境效应和文化效应,把握城市矿产开发利用的综合影响,是城市矿产研究的关键;以城市矿产全生命周期管理为主线,研究城市矿产政策演变、对政策效果进行评价,充分发挥市场、政府、社区的作用,并结合移动互联网时代特征进行管理和政策设计,是城市矿产研究的落脚点。基于现有的研究基础和实际需求,未来应进一步加强城市矿产大数据、都市圈城市矿产开发、中小城镇城市矿产开发、互联网+城市矿产回收等领域的研究。

Urban mineral with energy-carrying,circular and strategic is an inevitable product of industrialization and urbanization,which has attracted attention from governments and scholars all over the word. But till now,the study on urban minerals is weak in China and abroad,and there is still not yet a complete theoretical system and sophisticated research methods. In this paper,urban mineral is redefined based on current research. Urban mineral is a crucial resource as well as primary ore,and it could be comparably economic valuable and recyclable secondary resources from the city,with particular features on accumulation,recovery and disposition.The main research contents and methods of urban minerals include the followings. First,it is the research base to reveal mineralization mechanism of urban minerals based on analyzing the forming process and regularity using life cycle analysis and substance flow analysis.Second,constructing a strategic screening system of ‘resource-technology-environment',and making dynamic screening along with international comparison,to confirm the developing priorities and sequences is the preconditions of developing urban minerals. Third,it is vital to classify and measure different kind of urban minerals,and evaluate the development potentials based on the relationship of flow and stock,and then analyze the historical evolution model and predict the future developing trend,and realize a spatial temporal map of urban minerals potentials. Forth,it is necessary to assess the comprehensive impacts of urban mining,such as resources impacts,environmental impacts and sustainable consumption cultural impacts,according to the coupling relationship of urban minerals,virgin ores and overseas minerals. Last but not least,it is our target to design management system and policies of urban minerals under the context of mobile Internet era,based on studying policy evolution,assessing policy impacts in line with the whole life cycle of urban minerals. Based on these findings and the social demands,future urban minerals study should focus mainly on the following four areas:(1)the big data research on urban minerals;(2)the research on urban minerals in metropolis circles;(3)the study on urban minerals in medium and small towns;(4)research on Internet plus recycling of urban minerals.