弱视视觉缺陷相关研究进展

Research progress on visual defects of amblyopia

弱视是视觉发育关键期内由于异常视觉经验所致的视觉系统发育障碍性疾病，其特点是单眼或双眼最佳矫正视力低下而不伴有眼部器质性病变。随着研究的深入，越来越多的研究表明弱视不仅能导致矫正视力下降，还可以伴发其他视觉缺陷，如视觉拥挤效应、空间对比敏感度降低、游标视力下降、轮廓整合能力下降、方位辨别能力下降、时间信息处理能力下降和全局处理能力下降，已成为大家共同关注的一个社会问题。全面认知弱视的视觉缺陷对其正确诊断治疗均十分重要。本文就弱视各种视觉缺陷的研究进展进行综述，以期为弱视的临床诊断和治疗提供参考。

Amblyopia is a developmental disorder of visual system caused by abnormal visual experiences in critical period, whose characteristic is low monocular or binocular best corrected visual acuity and without ocular organic lesions. With the development of the research,more and more studies showed that amblyopia can not only lead to a reduction in corrected visual acuity,but also accompany by many other visual defects, such as visual crowd effect, impaired spatial contrast sensitivity, decreased vernier acuity, contour integration deficit, orientation discrimination deficit,temporal processing deficit and global processing deficit, which has become a common concern of a social problem. A comprehensive understanding of visual defects in amblyopia is of great significance on the diagnosis and treatment of amblyopia. This paper summarized the research progress of various visual defects of amblyopia,so as to provide references for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of amblyopia.