球墨铸铁QT500-7空压机轴异常断裂失效分析

Failure analysis for abnormal fracture of nodular cast iron QT500-7 air compressor shaft

通过扫描电镜对球墨铸铁QT500-7空压机轴的断口形貌、石墨形态和显微组织等进行观察,发现轴的断裂模式为疲劳断裂,球化不良、石墨漂浮和晶粒粗大等缺陷是造成异常断裂的主要原因。另外,在轴键槽的接刀痕处和轴螺纹根部产生应力集中也会在服役过程中诱发多源启裂,导致其发生脆性断裂失效。研究认为,应采取加强炉前检测与金相理化分析、合理设计轴件结构、避免在轴上高载荷区切制螺纹等预防改进措施,保证球墨铸铁轴的质量。

Through scanning electron microscopy, the fracture morphology, graphite morphology and microstructure of the nodular cast iron QT500-7 air compressor shaft were observed. The results indicated that the fracture mode of this shaft belonged to fatigue fracture, and such defects as abnormal nodularizing, floating of graphite and the coarse grains were the important factors causing the abnormal fracture. In addition, the stress concentration near the keyway point and thread root could also initiate the multi-source crack in service, leading to the brittle fracture failure. Therefore, this paper proposed that preventive measures should be strengthened such as furnace examination and metallographic analysis, reasonable shaft structure and avoiding cutting thread in high load area on shaft to ensure the quality of nodular cast iron shaft.