莫斯科国际经济会议与英国对华贸易政策的调整(1952—1957)

The International Economic Conference in Moscow and Adjustments to British Trade Policy with Respect to China,1952 —1957

冷战爆发后,随着中华人民共和国的建立、朝鲜战争的爆发导致远东局势日益紧张,英国在美国的强大压力下被迫对中国实行了包含禁运在内的贸易管制政策。贸易管制政策既影响了英国的经济,也损害了香港与远东英联邦国家的利益。1952年莫斯科国际经济会议为英国扩大对华贸易、摆脱经济困境提供了重要契机。利用以私人名义参会的英国民间代表团,英国政府成功开辟了对华贸易的民间渠道,从而为后来英国调整对华贸易管制政策,尤其是废除"中国差别"奠定了坚实的基础。

At the beginning of the Cold War, the establishment of the People＇ s Republic of China and the out- break of the Korean War led to increasing tensions in the Far East. The UK, under pressure from the United States, imposed strict controls on China, including a trade embargo. This not only had a negative effect on the British economy but it also damaged the interests of Hong Kong and other Far Eastern nations in the British Com- monwealth. The 1952 International Economic Conference in Moscow provided an important opportunity for the UK to expand trade with China and to resolve its economic difficulties. The British government successfully developed a non-governmental trade channel with China, in particular through the participation of private delegations in the name of individuals, thereby establishing a solid foundation for it to adjust its trade policy with China, and especially to abolish its ＂China difference＂ position.