二系杂交小麦群体结构与产量构成分析

Analysis of Population Structure and Yield Formation in Two-Line Hybrid Wheat

为探讨二系杂交小麦的群体结构及产量形成特征,在大田环境下,以常规小麦为对照,对142份杂交小麦组合进行了群体茎蘖动态和产量构成要素比较。结果表明,杂交小麦增产优势明显,最高增产17.3%,增产组合占全部参试组合的27.5%;杂交小麦具有突出的分蘖成穗优势,分蘖高峰主要在越冬前。促进杂交小麦冬前分蘖有利于构建合理的群体;穗数和千粒重对杂交小麦产量形成贡献明显,进一步挖掘穗粒数潜力对扩充库容、实现更大幅度的增产具有重要意义。为进一步提高杂交小麦产量水平,在组合创制方面应重点选育库容量大、恢复结实性能好的杂交组合。

In order to study the population structure and yield formation characteristics of two-line hybrid wheat, acomparison of 142 hybrid wheat combinations on dynamics ot plant poputauon quanuty allU yltTlu t, uulI.~ conducted under field condition using common wheat as the control. The results showed that two-line hybrid wheat yield showed obvious advantages and could increase the yield by as much as 17.3%, the percentage of increased combinations compared to all of the tested combinations was 27.5%. Hybrid wheat had a prominent advantage of tillering and the tillering peak mainly occurred before wintering, and it was helpful to construct a reasonable population basis by promoting the tillering of hybrid wheat before winter. Since spike number and 1000-grain weight contributed significantly to the yield, it was important to further tap the potential of spike number to expand sink capacity and to realize more significant increase. In order to further improve the yield of hybrid wheat, we should focus on the combination selection with good characteristics of higher sink capacity and stronger recoverability.