地膜覆盖对不同芝麻品种农艺性状及产量构成因素的影响

Effects of Plastic Film Mulching on Agronomic Traits for Different Sesame(Sesamum indicum L.) Varieties

为筛选芝麻高产稳产新品种,探索芝麻高产高效栽培新技术,选用冀航芝1号、冀航芝2号和冀航芝3号芝麻新品种,设置露地种植和地膜覆盖2种栽培模式,研究地膜覆盖对不同芝麻品种产量构成因素、主要农艺性状和抗病性的影响,比较不同芝麻品种不同栽培模式下的产量和经济效益。结果表明,地膜覆盖可显著增加芝麻的株高和茎粗,同时降低始蒴高度,增加有效果轴长和单株果节数,促进根系生长,增加主根长度、侧根数量和分布范围。地膜覆盖栽培对芝麻病害影响不明显,但可显著增强芝麻抗倒伏能力,冀航芝1号、冀航芝2号和冀航芝3号露地种植倒伏率分别是覆膜种植的3.5、2.8和3.0倍;相关分析和偏相关分析表明茎粗和株高对倒伏率的影响达到极显著水平;品种与栽培模式对小区产量、单株生产力、千粒重和单株蒴数有极显著影响;二者的互作对单株生产力和单株蒴数有极显著影响,对小区产量有显著影响,对千粒重无显著影响。地膜覆盖大幅度提高各品种净收入和成本利润率,覆膜种植冀航芝2号获得的经济效益最大,成本利润率达到126.57%。

In order to illustrate the effects of plastic film mulching on agronomic traits for different sesame varieties, three varieties, Jihangzhi No.l, Jihangzhi No.2 and Jihangzhi No.3 were used as materials in this study. The yield, agronomic traits, disease resistance, and economic benefit were compared between the open field culture model and plastic film mulching culture model. The results showed that plant height, stem diameter, effective fruit axial length, number of fruit nodes per plant were significantly increased by mulching culture, while the height of first capsule was decreased. Meanwhile, mulching culture was helpful to the root growth, due to the main root length, the number of lateral roots and the range of roots were increased. The effect of plastic mulching on sesame disease was not obvious. The ability of lodging resistance was enhanced by plastic film mulching. Lodging percentage of Jihangzhi No.l, Jihangzhi No.2 and Jihangzhi No.3 in open field were 3.5, 2.8 and 3.0 times of the plastic film mulching cultivation respectively. Correlation analysis and partial correlation analysis showed that the effects of stem diameter and plant height on the lodging percentage were significant （P〈0.01）. Variety and cultivation mode had very significant impact on plot yield, yield per plant, 1000-grain weight and capsule number per plant; and the interaction between them had very significant impact on yield per plant and capsule number per plant, which had significant impact on plot yield, and had no significant on 1000-grain weight. Plastic film mulching could substantially increase net income and cost-profit ratio of cultivated sesame, and Jihangzhi No.2 planted with plastic film mulching achieved maximum economic benefits, the cost-profit ratio reached 126.57%.