不同海拔泸水1号核桃丰产性及坚果品质差异分析

The Difference of High Yield and Nuts Quality of Juglans sigilltata cv. Lushui 1 at Different Elevations

以泸水县泸水1号为研究对象,选择4个海拔段24株树为样株,对其丰产性和坚果品质进行测定、分析。结果表明:不同海拔高度泸水1号的丰产性和坚果品质存在明显差异。海拔段Ⅳ(2 000~2 200 m)丰产性最好,发枝率为196.67%,成枝率为95.67%,果枝率为79.83%;海拔段Ⅰ(1 400~1 600 m)的含油率最高69.19%,变异系数为2.67%;海拔段Ⅲ(1 800~2 000 m)蛋白质含量最高14.71%,变异系数为9.72%。海拔高度与三径均值、粒质量、仁质量、出仁率、蛋白质含量呈正相关,与壳厚、含油率、果形系数呈负相关,即随着海拔高度增大,泸水1号坚果三径均值、粒质量增大,仁质量增加,出仁率提高,壳厚变薄,果形系数变小,含油率减低,蛋白质含量增加。因此,海拔段Ⅲ、Ⅳ(1 800~2 200 m)的丰产性好,坚果品质优,商品一致性较高。

Setting the Juglans sigilltata cv. Lushui 1 in Lushui County as research object. Twenty-four sample trees which grew in 4 areas with different elevations were measured and analyzed the production capacity and nuts quality. Results shows that there were significant differences between the high yield and nuts quality of ＇Lushui 1＇ in different altitudes. The high yield at altitude range 1V （2 000 - 2 200 m） was the highest, shoots increment was 196. 67%, shoots surviving ratio was 95.67%, fruiting shoots rate was 79.83%. The oil content rate, which was 69. 19%, at altitude range Ⅰ （ 1 400- 1 600 m） was the highest, while coefficient of variation was 2.67%. The protein content, which was 14. 71%, at altitude range Ⅲ （1 800-2 000 m） was the highest, while coefficient of variation was 9. 72%. Altitude was positively correlated with the mean value of 3 diameters, nuts weight, kernel weight, kernel rate, proportion of protein content, while is negatively correlated with nuts shell thickness, oil con- tent rate, fruit shape coefficient. In other words, with the increase of altitude, the mean value of 3 diameters, nut weight, kernel weight, kernel rate and protein content were increasing, while shell thickness, fruit shape coefficient and oil content rate were decreasing. Therefore, high yield, nut quality and product consistency were higher at altitude range Ⅲ and Ⅳ （ 1 800- 2 000 m）.