豫南高速公路边坡植物的群落分类及空间分布

Classification and Spatial Distribution of Plant Community on the Expressway Slope in Southern Henan

以豫南高速公路为研究对象,基于2016年8—10月统计的边坡样点植物群落及环境特征数据,采用MSCA法对样点群落进行分类,分析了10个群落配置类型及其适应性空间分布特征。结果表明:豫南高速公路边坡群落分布特征差异明显,群落间相似性系数普遍较低,是由其物种本身形成及其演化过程的历史因素与特殊生境下人为干扰或经营所决定。边坡植物群落根据多元相似性聚类分析结果,被划分为10种类型,其中Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ分布在大别山生态区,Ⅹ分布在桐柏山生态区,Ⅰ、Ⅵ两区均有分布。群落组成结构主要受坡度、坡向、海拔的影响;Ⅱ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ适应缓边坡,Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ适应陡边坡;Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ对光照要求不严格,而Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅵ多分布于阳坡;Ⅰ、Ⅵ海拔分布较为广泛,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ群落海拔分布相对较局限。

Abstract： This research took the Southern Henan Expressway as the object of study. Based on the data of plant communities and environmental characteristics during August and October 2016, the communities was classi- fied by MSCA method. Moreover, the tpo 10 patterns of plant communities and their spatial distribution characteris- tics were analyzed. Results showed that there were significant differences between the distribution characteristics of the plant communities on the expressway side-slope in Southern Henan. The community similarity coefficient which was generally lower because it was determined by the historical factors of the formation and evolutionary process of the species themselves, and human disturbance and operation in the special habitats. According to the results of multivariate similarity clustering analysis, the plant communities on the slope was divided into 10 types. Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ and Ⅸ distributed in the Dabie Mountain ecological region, X distributed in Tongbai Mountain ec- ological region, Ⅰ and Ⅵ widely distributed in the two regions. The community structure was mainly affected by slope, aspect and altitude. Ⅱ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ and Ⅹ adapted to slow slope while Ⅰ、Ⅲ、Ⅳand Ⅴ adapted to steep slope. Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ and Ⅹ adapted to sunny slope while Ⅴ, Ⅶ, Ⅷ and Ⅸ adapted to shade slope. Light requirements of Ⅰ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ and Ⅹ were not strict while Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ distributed sunny slope. The altitude distribution of Ⅰ and Ⅵ was widely while that of Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ、Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ and Ⅹ were rela- tively restricted.