旅游开发中社会公平及其维度的逻辑框架构建

On Framework of Social Equity in Tourism Development

旅游业作为一种新型综合性产业,既能对地区相关产业产生积极的推动作用,也能反映出社会公平在地区经济社会发展中的实现程度。纵观我国旅游开发与发展的历史与现实,社会公平缺失始终是影响我国旅游业健康稳定发展的一个棘手问题,但学界鲜有研究系统关注旅游开发中的社会公平问题。本文认为,旅游开发中的社会不公平现象主要体现在旅游土地资源消耗的不公平、当地居民利益分配的不公平、旅游景区定价的不公平以及特殊人群旅游开发的不公平4个方面。在旅游开发实践中所凸显出来的各种冲突和矛盾,其实质是社会公平缺失的外在体现。造成旅游开发不公平的原因主要有三方面,即权利理念丢失、产权制度模糊与政府职能缺位。而要促进中国旅游开发中的社会公平,既要借鉴已有的社会公平保障体系,也必须构建旅游开发涉及的社会公平维度的逻辑框架,以指导我国的旅游开发实践。

Tourism, as a new type of comprehensive industry, not only plays a positive role on promoting the regional related industries, but also reflects the implementation degree of social equity in the regional economic and social development. Making a general survey of the history and reality of China's tourism development, the social equity problem is always an annoyance which hinders the healthy and stable development of tourism industry in China. However, few academic studies have systematically discussed the social equity problem in tourism development. This article argues that the social inequities in tourism development are mainly implied as unfair tourism land resources consumption, unfair distribution of benefits to local residents, unfair pricing policy of tourist attractions as well as unfair tourism products development for special groups. The local governments in the poor areas intend to develop local economy through tourism development and thus to narrow the gap between regions, but in fact, because of the tourism resources in the development of predatory development, and unfair problems such as enclosure movement, the gap between rich and poor, urban and rural areas is experiencing widening trends. The reasons why social inequity is caused in tourism development can be attributed to three aspects, namely, discarded concept of citizens' rights, fuzzy property system and the absence of government functions. Finally, the article points out that, to achieve social equity in China's tourism development, the existing social equity security system should be revised. Furthermore, a logic framework concerning various social equity dimensions should be constructed to guide the specific tourism development practice in China.