论法律行为的效力评价体系

The Validity and Effect of Legal Transactions

我国现行法将法律行为不发生完全效力的情况三分为无效、可撤销和效力未定。这个体系的问题在于三分法并不全面,内部的区分标准不一致,无效和可撤销时有界限不清、后果不确定的情况。这些问题来自于三分法的历史形成过程。借助历史经验,解决方案是区分法律行为的利益设立和利益实现两个阶段的法律评价,前者判断法律行为是否有效,后者决定法律行为是否具体生效。有效和生效区分符合法律行为的私人自治性质和效力乃是法律评价这两个特点。基于该前提,一方面应简化无效和可撤销概念,使其成为法律行为有效与否的评价后果;另一方面,应该完善不生效力各个类型的研究,以处理无效、被撤销法律行为的后果。

Currently, the invalidity or inefficacy of the legal transactions is divided into three types, namely void, voidable and ineffective. The defects of this division are ： it＇ s not complete; the criterion is inconsistent; and the requirements and effeets between void and voidable are sometimes in controversy or blur. From the historical perspective, the solution is that the valuation of legal transaction should be divided in two stages： one is the validity, the other is effect. This division conforms the ehar- acters that transaction is an act of private autonomy and that validity is a legal judgment. This new opin- ion can purify the concepts of void and voidable, and reestablish a system based on the inefficacy. The judgements of void and voidable are the results of validity. And through the categories of inefficacy, the final effect of legal transactions could be handled more efficiently.