英国认罪协商制度及对我国的启示

Coordinating Guilty Plea and Leniency:Experience of England and Wales,Introspection,and Enlightenment

英国的认罪协商制度的全面扩张始于20世纪90年代。追溯相关判例法及成文法的演进过程,英国刑事司法立法与实践不断强化认罪行为的制度性便利,认罪协商制度呈现出适用范围扩张、阶段提前、分流加强的发展态势。同时,这种扩张态势与案件事实、被指控人基本权利、被害人地位之间的关系亦日趋紧张,进而引发英国刑事诉讼法整体制度框架上的协调与整合。参考英国认罪协商之制度流变,并对比中国当前以认罪认罚从宽为典型的相关制度,形成基于被指控人认罪行为构建从宽处置规则的四项基本原则,即案件事实真相优先原则,被指控人基本权利最低限度保障原则,认罪行为与从宽处置之合比例原则,协商之负面外部性最小化原则。

The expansion of plea negotiation in England and Wales originates from the 1970s. By examining the evolution of the case law and relevant statutes and other legal documents, a trend of en- hancing procedural convenience and facilitation of guilty plea can be observed, both in law and in prac- tice. The trend, which features wider and earlier application of guilty plea and procedural division, has raised tension with the basic values and principles of criminal justice, particularly the task of finding truth, human rights protection, and respecting victims. Such tension leads to adjustment of the English criminal justice framework. By making reference to the English experience, and comparing it with the havior of guilty plea and the lenient disposals, and fourth is to minimize the negative externality of the negotiation.