2006—2015年河南省居民死亡率与死因谱变化趋势分析

Change trend of mortality rate and death causes in residents in Henan province,2006-2015

目的了解2006-2015年河南省人群死亡水平和死因谱变化趋势。方法利用河南省2006-2015年全人群死因监测结果,主要指标包括粗死亡率、标化死亡率、年龄别死亡率、死因别死亡率,描述河南省居民死亡情况;采用趋势χ~2比较死因谱10年来的变化情况。利用河南省全人群死因监测系统资料,采用国家《Death Reg2005》、《死因监测数据清洗与分析工具》、Excel 2003、SPSS 11.5软件对数据进行统计学分析,用趋势χ~2比较死因谱的变化情况。结果河南省2006-2015年居民死亡率为575.56/10万,标化死亡率为436.87/10万,男性死亡率高于女性、农村死亡率高于城市,女性粗死亡率(趋势χ~2=174.343,P<0.001)和城市粗死亡率(趋势χ~2=373.766,P<0.001)均有逐年上升的趋势。慢性病是河南省居民死亡的主要疾病,占全部死亡的86.27%,死亡率略有上升(趋势χ~2=198.670,P<0.001)。传染病、母婴疾病及营养缺乏性疾病和伤害死亡率均呈明显下降。脑血管病、恶性肿瘤和心脏病均在历年死亡原因中占据前3位,其中脑血管病和心脏病粗死亡率有逐年上升趋势。结论河南省居民粗死亡率呈上升趋势,而标化死亡率呈下降趋势。脑血管病、恶性肿瘤、心脏病等慢性病是影响河南省居民健康的主要疾病。采取有效措施控制慢性病危害因素,从而降低人群慢性病的发病率和死亡率,是提高河南省居民健康状况和生命质量的关键。

Objective To investigate the changing trend of the mortality rate and death causes in residents in Henan province during 2006 -2015. Methods The death surveillance data in Henan during this period were analyzed with DeathReg2005, death surveillance data clearing and analysis tool. Excel 2003 and SPSS 11.5. The main indexes included crude mortality rate, standardized mortality rate, age specific mortality rate and cause specific mortality 2 was rate, Xt^nd test conducted to compare the change of death causes during this period. Results The crude mortality rate and the standardized mortality rate of the residents in Henan were 575.56/100 000 and 436. 87/100 000, respectively, during 2006 - 2015. The mortality rate was higher in males than in females, in rural area than in urban area; Female crude mortality rate （X2end = 174. 343 ,P 〈0. 001 ） and urban crude mortality rate （X2trend = 373. 766, P 〈 0. 001 ） all showed increasing tendency. Chronic diseases have become the （X2trnad = major death causes in residents in Henan, accounting for 86. 27% of all deaths, the mortality rates increased slightly 2 198. 670 ,P 〈 0. 001 ）. The crude mortality rate of infectious disease, maternal and perinatal disease, nutritional deficiency and injury decreased obviously. Cerebrovascular disease, malignant tumor, and heart disease were the top three death causes during this period, though cerebrovascular disease and heart disease had a rising trend year by year. Conclusion The crude death rate（CDR） of the residents was in increase, and the standard mortality rate （SMR） showed a declining tendency in Henan. Cerebrovascular disease, malignant tumor, heart disease and other chronic diseases had become the important diseases affecting the health of the residents in Henan. It is necessary to take effective measures to control the hazard level, reduce the morbidity and mortality of chronic diseases and improve people＇s health.