刑法教义学视阈下的犯罪构成理论审视

A Review of the Theory of Criminal Constitution from the Dogmatics of Criminal Law

刑法教义学标准对刑法理论的要求有四点。相应地,刑法教义学标准对犯罪构成理论的要求也有四点:犯罪构成理论必须立足于本国刑法典;犯罪构成理论必须具有较高的规范质量;犯罪构成理论必须有哲学的和实践经验的基础;犯罪构成理论必须能够就刑法疑难问题提供合理、合法的解答。在刑法教义学的视域中,我国通说的四要件理论不是真正的犯罪构成理论,其仅仅是刑法理论的一个意识形态标签。真正指引刑事司法实践并具有实证法基础的犯罪构成理论是"罪——责模式"的犯罪构成理论,它包括犯罪行为判断和刑事责任判断两个阶段。

There are four requirements for the theory of criminal law in the standard of the dogmatics of criminal law. Accordingly, there are four requirements for the theory of constitution of crime in the standard of the dogmatics of criminal law. The theory of constitution of crime must be based on the criminal code of its country; it must have higher quality standard; it must be philosophical and practical experience of the crime; it must be able to provide reasonable and legitimate explanations to the problems of criminal law. In the view of criminal law doctrine, the theory of four elements in China is not a real theory of constitution of crime, but only an ideological label of criminal law theory. The theory of constitution of crime, which is the guide of crim- inal judicial practice and the basis of empirical law, is the theory of crime constitution, which includes two stages, i.e. criminal behavior judgment and criminal responsibility judgment.