伊丽莎白一世时期的经济与王权建构

On Construction of Economy and Crown During the Age of Queen Elizabeth I

都铎王朝前期,亨利七世通过暴力强制和亨利八世通过宗教改革而获得财富,基本满足王权建构在经济上的需要。与此同时,英国政治、经济上和社会各方面都在变化。伊丽莎白一世即位以后,其王权建构面临新的挑战,因循守旧应付不了新的局面。王室财政收支失衡,部分贵族经济滑坡,中层阶层要求保障增收,底层社会贫困现象突出,是当时女王面临的经济困境。伊丽莎白通过理性的经济政策和措施摆脱经济困境,重新建构王权。

In the early period of Tudor, the fortune that Henry VII and Henry VIII acquired by force and by the Reformation respectively satisfied the demand of the crown construction by and large. Meanwhile, the politics, economy and society had been changed in England. When Queen Elizabeth I came to the crown, crown construction faced new challenge, and had to change the existent situations. There were many economic dilemmas. The crown government finance lost balance between income and expenditure. The wealth of some nobleman decreased. The members of the middle class wanted to ensure their fortunes. The poverty of the low- er class was outstanding. So, Queen Elizabeth I reconstructed the crown by rational economic policies and countermeasures.