一体化冷链库存策略的补偿机制研究

Study on Compensation Mechanism of Integrated Cold Chain Inventory Strategy

相较于传统的分散决策系统,供应链库存一体化决策在系统总利润方面展现的显著优越性,使其受到越来越多理论研究者与企业管理者的推崇,但一体化决策系统外部的优越性是否能顺利传递至系统内部仍有待进一步分析说明。鉴于此,在阐述多级冷链库存一体化重要性的基础上,运用文献研究方法对现阶段库存一体化系统及分散系统绩效进行对比分析,发现,一体化决策下,冷链系统为了实现整体收益的最大化,会增加零售商的补货量,进而使得制造商与配送中心的利润得以提升,但与分散决策相比,零售商利润不升反降。这种"以牺牲局部为代价"换来的整体利润的增加在一定程度上阻碍了冷链库存一体化策略的有效实施。为了解决多级冷链一体化决策的不足,在采用"一体化决策整体及内部利润均大于分散决策整体及内部相应利润"协调准则的前提下,综合对比冷链投资机制(CCI)、收益共享机制(RSC)、回购机制(BBC)及数量弹性机制(QFC)在冷链库存一体化决策中的适用性与协调补偿途径,提出了一体化库存的冷链投资分摊机制、数量弹性机制、收益共享和回购机制等协调机制,旨在缓解一体化系统内部的利润失衡现象,推动一体化冷链库存的有效实施。

Abstract： Compared with the traditional decentralized decision-making system, inventory decision-making shows a significant advantage in the system total profit. is recommended by more and more scholars and business managers. However, analyzed whether the external superiority of integration decision-making system an integrated supply chain That is why the integration it still needs to be further could be passed to inside members. In view of this, on the basis of elaborating the importance of multi-level integrated cold chain inventory, we made a comparative analysis of system performances between the current integrated inventory system and the decentralized system by using the method of literature research. The result indicates that in the integration policy, retailers＇ optimal order quantity increases when overall profit of cold chain system is maximized, which improves the profits of manufacturers and distribution centers, but retailers＇ profit decreases compared with that of the decentralized system. The increase of the total profit at the sacrifice of individuals has hindered the effective implementation of the integrated cold chain inventory. In order to solve the shortcomings of multi-level integrated cold chain decision-making system, a coordination principle that ＂total profit and each member＇s profit of the inte the decentralized system＂ is employed, and then grated decision-making system are all greater than those of the applicability and compensation approach of cold chain investment mechanism （ CCI）, revenue sharing mechanism （ RSC）, buyback mechanism （BBC） and quantity flexibility mechanism （ QFC ） in the integrated decision-making system are analyzed respectively. The coordinating mechanism of integrated cold chain, such as inventory investment sharing mechanism, RSC, BBC and QFC are presented at last. It aims to alleviate the profit imbalance within the integrated system and then promote the effective implementation of the integrated cold chain inventory. Key words： transport economics; compensation mechanism; the method of litorature research; inventory strategy; integrated cold chain