贸易促进下的粤港澳大湾区一体化发展

Integration Process of the Guangdong-Hongkong-Macao Greater Bay Area under the Promotion of Trade

通过梳理贸易与区域一体化作用的理论与实证研究,提出贸易对一体化作用的长期动态理论;以此为出发点,分析珠江三角洲与港澳地区贸易往来的历史地理,认为贸易对粤港澳大湾区一体化的过程起到了促进作用。粤港澳大湾区一体化过程中,珠三角与港澳地区的贸易对象从商品,到生产过程,最后到服务的转变,贸易主体从实体商品为主到无形服务为主的这种变化,是促进粤港澳大湾区从初级一体化向高级一体化迈进的主要过程。此外,贸易的一体化过程有着极大的外溢效应,它完善了地区基础路网的建设,推动了产业集群的产生,带动区域创新,将一体化区域提升至国家"一带一路"倡议中的重要地位。未来,粤港澳大湾区将会紧紧抓住服务贸易作为贸易发展的主线。因此,对未来大湾区的发展提出三大发展走向:必须先发展湾区的陆地轨道交通网络,完善港口和机场交通体系的新建和协调;依托交通体系,形成一体化两大枢纽:"广佛"与"深港",作为推动一体化的主导力量;最后,以"广州―深圳―香港"为主要节点的区域创新走廊是未来大湾区的增长新动力。

According to the observation of the data of trade between the Pearl River Delta and Hong Kong and Macao after the establishment of the PRC, we can see that the trade scale and structural changes have promoted the process of the integration of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Bay Area. So, has trade played a role in the integration of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area？ If so, how can trade play a role in promoting the process of integration as an integrated link in the development of the Greater Bay Area between Guangdong and Hong Kong and Macao？ On the basis of summarizing the existing trade theory and empirical researches, the article develops a long-term dynamic theory of the trade＆#39;s role in the integration and explains the process of the integration of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. In this article, the process is divided into three phases of natural stage in chronological order since the establishment of the PRC to demonstrate the point above-mentioned. The first stage is the time after the founding of the PRC and before the reform and opening up.In this period, trade of goods dominated by primary commodities was the source of regional cooperation in Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao. Since the reform and opening up, the Guangdong- Hong Kong- Macao regional cooperation has made great progress. The rise of cross-border production and trade with industrial transfer as the mainstay has greatly broken the bias of development between Hong Kong, Macao and the Pearl River Delta. The frequent exchanges between Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao have led to the rapid economic growth of the three regions and the emergence of trade in the east and west of the Pearl River Delta. The phenomenon of industrial clusters has promoted the deepening of infrastructure in the three regions. In the third stage, starting from China＆#39;s accession to the WTO in 2001, China＆#39;s economy has been further more open to the world. Hong Kong and Macao, which have extensive experience in international standards, have become the vanguard of the country＆#39;s active integration with globalization. In 2003, the Mainland and Hong Kong and Macao signed CEPA on the basis of improving the liquidity of commodity trade. Besides, a series of supplementary agreements have also promoted the flow of production trade and service trade from Hong Kong and Macao to the Pearl River Delta cities. With the close trade and service trade, the degree of innovation and knowledge spillover has also been enhanced. The conclusion of this paper is that trade has played a catalytic role in the process of the integration of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. By changing the target of trade from goods to production and finally to service, the main body of trade, from physical goods to intangible goods, is the major process of promoting the integration of the Greater Bay Area of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macao, from the primary to the more advanced one. In addition, the process of trade integration has a great spillover effect and it has perfected the regional basic road network. What＇s more, the construction of industrial clusters has promoted the emergence of industrial clusters, boosted regional innovation and pushed the integrated area to a new platform for cooperation. The article summarizes the literature on trade and regional integration and would have some theoretical significance. Based on the summary of existing trade theories and empirical studies, the paper develops the conjecture on the dynamic role of trade in regional integration over a long period of time. And through the empirical demonstration of integration of Guangdong, Hong Kong, Macao Bay area, it has laid the foundation for the dynamic role of integration theory in the future study.