贵州省发现翼手目动物——高颅鼠耳蝠

Chiroptera Animal Myotis siligorensis Was Found in Guizhou Province

2015年7~9月在贵州省兴仁县、平坝县和兴义市的五屯镇及敬南镇捕获鼠耳蝠33只,鉴定为高颅鼠耳蝠(Myotis siligorensis),为贵州省新纪录物种。标本保存于贵州师范大学生命科学学院生态实验室。主要特征:体型较小,前臂长(36.03±1.50)mm(32.66~38.98 mm,n=33);耳狭长;耳屏直而细长;第Ⅲ掌骨最长,第Ⅴ掌骨最短;阴茎长(4.52±0.84)mm(2.85~5.75 mm,n=21);头骨狭长,颅骨凸显;颅全长(13.87±0.74)mm(13.00~14.88 mm,n=8),颅高(6.36±0.24)mm(6.03~6.74 mm,n=8);听泡较小;矢状脊细弱;上颌第1、2门齿向中央倾斜,上颌第1门齿有1个主尖和1个附尖;上颌第2门齿较第1门齿小,且与犬齿分离;上颌第2前臼齿(P3)位于齿列中。基于Cyt b基因(1 141 bp)序列进行的分子系统学分析显示,此次捕获鼠耳蝠物种与高颅鼠耳蝠聚在一起,二者遗传距离最近(仅为0.03),进一步确认所采集物种为高颅鼠耳蝠。

33 bat specimens were collected during the field survey from July to September 2015 in Xingren County, Pingba County, and Xiawutun Town, Jingnan Town of Xingyi City of Guizhou Province and kept in the Animal Specimens Room, School of Life Sciences, Guizhou Normal University, China. These specimens were identified as Myotis siligorensis（which is new to Guizhou Province） based on morphological evidences and molecular phylogenic analyses. The main taxonomy characteristics are listed as follow： small body size, the forearm length is 36.03 ± 1.50 mm（32.66﹣38.98 mm, n = 33）; long and narrow ears; straight and slender tragus; third metacarpal length is longest, fifth metacarpal length is shortest; Penile length is 4.52 ± 0.84（2.85﹣5.75 mm, n = 21）; narrow and prominence skull; the greatest length of skull is 13.87 ± 0.74（13.00﹣14.88 mm, n = 8）, the brain-case height is 6.36 ± 0.24（6.03﹣6.74 mm, n = 8）; smaller auditory bullae; sagittal crest thin and weak; the maxillary 1 and 2 incisors inclined to the central, the first maxillary incisor has a main cusp and 1 attached tip; second incisor smaller than the first incisors, separated from canine by small diastema; smaller premolar（P3） was located in the tooth row. The data of morphology and skull measurements consistent with M. siligorensis. In the Bayesian phylogenetic tree, the collected specimens formed a cluster with M. siligorensis with posterior rate 99%. The molecular phylogenic analysis furtherly proved that these specimens are M. siligorensis, and the genetic distance is 0.03 only. It seemed that the species of M. siligorensis have a continuous distribution in Southeast Asia.