高温锂电池氧化物正极材料研究现状与展望

Development and Prospect of Oxide Cathode Materials for High Temperature Lithium Batteries

高温锂电池是热电池向中低温度范围的拓展和延伸,在石油、天然气及地热探测等领域有很好的应用前景。相对于具有大比容量和接近纯锂电极电位的锂合金负极材料,正极材料还有不小的发展潜力。因此,正极材料是提升高温锂电池性能的关键材料。而在正极材料中,氧化物材料表现出高电压特性以及高热稳定性,可以推动高温锂电池小型化发展,满足特定条件下的电流电压供给。目前,并没有针对高温锂电池氧化物正极材料的系统性综述。为了促进本领域的快速发展,优化能源结构,本文系统总结了高温锂电池过渡族金属氧化物正极材料的研究进展,包括其物理特性、电化学特性及合成与制备方法,对材料的可利用特性以及不足之处加以说明;进而对氧化物正极材料在高温锂电池领域的应用做出展望。

High temperature lithium battery is the development of low temperature applications of thermal batteries, and has large potential development and utilization in the oil/gas and geothermal field. Compared with the lithium alloy anode materials with large specific capacity and close to the pure lithium electrode potential, the cathode materials are pivotal section of high temperature lithium battery and have large potential space. In the cathode materials, the oxide materials exhibit high voltage characteristics and high thermal stability, and the high-temperature lithium battery can be miniaturized to meet the current voltage supply under the specific conditions. However, there is no systematic overview about the oxide of high-temperature lithium battery currently. In order to make more development in this field and promote the optimal adjustment of energy structure, this paper introduces and summarizes the transition metal oxides used in high-temperature lithium battery, including physical properties, electrochemical properties and synthesis or preparation methods. We describe the excellent properties of various oxide materials in detail, and point out the shortcomings and the existing problems of the material. Moreover, this paper predicts the development of oxide cathode materials, and demonstrates the future direction of development and the work to be done. We hope that this work can provide some reference for the relevant researchers.