我国人口老龄化的现状、特征与养老保障体系

Research on the Current Situations,Characteristics and the Old-age Security System of China

通过数据对我国老龄化现状进行了分析,提出老龄化的三个明显特征:人口少子化、老龄化并存,未富先老及高龄化趋势明显。在此基础上,详细分析了老龄化对养老服务、医疗服务及养老资金的影响,并对此提出相应的对策:要完善医养结合养老服务体系,包括推进医养结合发展,增加医养结合机构相关检测资源的投入,建设职业化、专业化的养老服务队伍;完善三级医疗服务体系,包括完善基层医疗服务内容,构建合理的双向转诊制度;建立多层次养老保障体系,包括加快实施强制护理保险制度,完善老年人养老保障体系。

This paper analyzes the current situation of Chinese aging population through the data, and puts forward three obvious characteristics of aging： coexisting of low birth rate and aging, not rich before old and the obvious aging trend of the super aged. On this basis, this paper analyzes the impacts of aging population on old-age security system, especially on pension services, medical services and pension funds. Then it puts forward to improve the service system of combining medical care with health care, including promoting the development of combining medical care and health care, increasing the input of related testing resources in medical support institutions, building up a professional and specialized pension service team, improve the three-grade medical service system, which includes improving the primary medical service content, constructing a sound two-way referral system, establishing a multi-level old-age security system, and implementing the nursing insurance system for the elderly, while improving the security system for the elderly.