铝硅酸盐聚合物及其复合材料研究进展

Development of Geopolymer and Geopolymer-based Composites

铝硅酸盐聚合物及其复合材料具有低温制备、工艺简单、成本低、可沿用多数树脂基复合材料的制备工艺成型复杂形状构件、轻质、耐热、阻燃、耐腐蚀、对核废料及重金属离子固封效果好等优点,能够满足国家对节能降耗和CO2减排的需要,因此在传统建筑、冶金等领域具有广阔的应用前景;它还可通过掺杂改性赋予其导电、电磁屏蔽、吸波隐身等功能特性,且可通过高温陶瓷化处理获得力学和热学性能宽温域调控的榴石陶瓷及其复合材料,在航空航天用低成本耐热结构材料、防/隔热材料、吸波隐身材料等方面具有重要潜在应用。系统评述了国内外在铝硅酸盐聚合物及其复合材料方面的研究进展,包括铝硅酸盐聚合物的聚合机理和性能特点、为克服其脆性缺点而发展的各种类型复合材料,以及最近铝硅酸盐聚合物在转化制备先进陶瓷、核废料固封、新型建筑材料等领域的应用研究进展,并且指出了其发展方向。

Geopolymers and related composites have some advantages like low-temperature preparation, simple processing process like resin-based composite and forming complex shape components, low cost, light, heat resistant, flame retardant, corrosion resistant, sound solid sealing for nuclear waste and heavy metal ions for energy saving and CO2 emission reduction. They can be thus used in conventional construction, metallurgy and related fields. Geopolymer can be modified by doping to obtain the functional properties such as conductivity, electromagnetic shielding, stealth and others. Meanwhile, after high-temperature treatment, geopolymer and its composites can be converted into leucite and leucite-based composites with controlled mechanical and thermal properties, showing potential applications as a low-cost heat-resistant structural material for aerospace, heat-resistant components and stealth materials. This review summarized recent development of geopolymer and its composites, and the aspects dealt with geopolymerization mechanism and microstructure evolution of geopolymer, the structural design, preparation technology and performance characteristics of geopolymer composites, and application in 3 D printing and nuclear waste. In addition, the future development of geopolymer field was also given.