输血反应的相关因素探讨

Study on the related factors of blood transfusion reaction

目的探讨输血反应的相关因素,为临床输血提供预防对策。方法选择2016年2月至2016年12月的4 359例输血患者作为研究对象,将29例发生输血反应者作为观察组,随机抽取同期输血未发生输血反应的患者30例作为对照组。记录输血反应发生情况,分析输血反应与输血成分的关系及两组患者发血至输血时间间隔。结果本研究共有输血患者4 359例,发生输血反应29例,输血反应发生率为0.67%。其中,非溶血性发热反应15例(51.72%),过敏反应8例(27.59%),输血过快导致呼吸困难2例(6.90%),不明原因溶血反应1例(3.45%),其他输血反应3例(10.34%)。输注悬浮红细胞的非溶血性发热反应发生率高于冰冻血浆,过敏反应低于冰冻血浆(P<0.05)。观察组患者发血至输血时间间隔为(45.12±7.89)min,明显长于对照组的(21.76±5.21)min(P<0.05)。结论发血至输血时间间隔及不同输血成分均会影响输血反应的发生,临床中应给予积极护理,减少输血反应发生率。

Objective To explore the related factors of transfusion reaction, to provide preventive measures for clinical blood transfusion. Methods From February 2016 to December 2016, 4 359 patients with blood transfusion were randomly enrolled as the research objects, 29 patients with transfusion reaction were selected as the observation group, and 30 cases with no transfusion reactions in the same period were randomly selected as the control group. The incidence of transfusion reaction was recorded, the relationship between transfusion reactions and transfusion components was analyzed, and the interval between blood send and blood transfusion in both groups was analyzed. Results Of the 4 359 transfusion patients,29 cases of transfusion reactions occurred, and the incidence was 0.67%. There were 15 cases（51.72%） of non-hemolytic febrile transfusion reactions, 8 cases（27.59%） of anaphylactic reaction, 2 cases（6.90%） of dyspnea caused by transfusion, 3 cases（10.34%） of other reactions. The incidence of non-hemolytic febrile transfusion reactions in the suspended red blood cells transfusion was higher than that of the frozen plasma, and anaphylactic reaction in the suspended red blood cells transfusion was lower than that of the frozen plasma（P〈0.05）. The interval between blood send and blood transfusion in the observation group was（45.12±7.89） min, which was significantly longer than（21.76±5.21） min of the control group（P〈0.05）. Conclusion Transfusion reaction is affected by the interval between blood send and blood transfusion and different transfusion components, positive nursing should be given to reduce the incidence of transfusion reaction