道德解脱与惩罚知觉对幼儿教师职业伦理决策的影响

The Influence of Moral Disengagement and Punishment Perception on Early Childhood Care Practitioners' Ethical Decision-making

测查了道德解脱和惩罚知觉对幼儿教师职业伦理判断和行为意向的影响。结果表明:三类道德解脱机制与幼儿教师的职业伦理判断和伦理行为意向呈显著负相关;道德合理化、模糊因果关系和曲解有害影响以职业道德判断为中介间接影响幼儿教师的职业伦理行为意向。四类幼儿园职业伦理决策情境下,道德解脱的预测效应存在差异:在幼儿园有害情境中,模糊因果关系和曲解有害影响能显著预测幼儿教师的职业伦理判断;在幼儿园且幼儿有害情境中,道德合理化和模糊因果关系显著预测幼儿教师的职业伦理判断;在幼儿园有利幼儿有害情境中,道德合理化、模糊因果关系及曲解有害影响均显著预测幼儿教师的职业伦理判断;在幼儿园有利情境中仅道德合理化能预测幼儿教师的职业伦理判断。研究对理解幼儿教师的职业伦理决策具有重要的启发意义。

Through questionnaire and situational experiment method,based on the survey of 186 early childhood care practitioners from township kindergarten,this study tried to investigate the influence of moral disengagement and punishment perception on early childhood care practitioner＇s professional ethical decision-making,compared the differences of ethical judgment and ethical behavioral intention between four different educational situations. Results demonstrated that moral disengagement was an important antecedent variable of ethical judgment and indirectly affected ethic behavior intention through ethical judgment. Specifically,all three dimensions of moral disengagement,moral justification,obscuring or distorting causal relationship between actions and the effects they cause,disregarding or distorting the consequence,could predict ethical judgment under kindergarten-benefit and children-harm situations. Obscuring causal relationship and distorted the harmful effects could predict ethical judgment under kindergarten-harm situations. Moral justification and obscuring causal relationship could predict ethical judgment under kindergarten-harm and children-harm situations. And moral justification could predict ethical judgment under kindergarten-benefit situations. The relationships between punishment perception,ethical judgment and ethical behavior intention were not significant. That is,the depressive effect of punishment perception on ethical behavior was more significant under low ethical judgment situations. Using paired samples t test,the study compared the differences of ethical decision-making between organization-gain and organization-harm situations. Results demonstrate that manager＇s ethical judgment and behavioral intention were both lower under organization-gain situations than organization-harm＇s. Results provide evidences that moral disengagement could affect individual＇s decision on vocational ethics,and will contribute to understanding the psychological processes of early childhood care practitioners＇ ethical decision-making. The limitations of the study and directions of future research were also discussed.