受限空间作业事故的影响因素和原因分析

Influence Factors and Cause Analysis of Working Accidents in Confined Space

受限空间作业安全风险高,盲目的事故救援往往导致伤亡扩大。对2012年以来国内60起受限空间作业较大事故进行统计分析,结果表明:中毒或窒息事故占绝对多数,特别是救援死亡人数几乎全部集中在中毒或窒息事故中;每年的3—8月是受限空间事故的高发期;地下受限空间是事故的高发和高危区域;硫化氢、一氧化碳和氮气等介质的危险性相对较高。事故的直接原因是物的不安全状态和人的不安全行为,间接原因是安全管理的漏洞和缺陷。对于受限空间作业危险性较大的事故类型、发生时间、区域及介质,应重点管理,并针对性地制订风险控制措施。

The risk of working safety in a confined space is high and the blind emergency rescue often results in the expansion of the casualties. In this paper, statistical analysis was carried out on about 60 major accidents occurred in the confined spaces in China since 2012, and the results showed that the poisoning or suffocation accidents accounted for the majority, especially the rescue casualties were almost all caused by the poisoning or suffocation; the period from March to August every year was the the high incidence of accidents in the confined spaces; the underground confined spaces were the high incidence and high risk areas of the accidents; HgS,CO and N2 were more dangerous media. The direct causes of the accidents were the unsafe state of things and the unsafe behavior of persons, and the indirect causes were the loopholes and deficiencies in safety management. So the safety management should be focused on the types,occurrence time,regions and media of the major accidents in the confined space,and the pertinent risk control measures should be formulated.