论古汉语隐喻同义词

On Metaphorical Synonym in Ancient Chinese

古汉语中有一类同义词本义不同而引申义相同或相近,如"愚-昧""浅-陋""回-复"等。这类同义词是在隐喻思维基础上构成的,可称为隐喻同义词。其有单向和双向两种类型,产生必须同时满足两个条件:第一,两词表现的概念必须具有相同的意象图式,体现在词义上就是具有相同的元义素;第二,必须有触发隐喻投射的动因,可以是语言内部的,如意义的相通相近、语音相同相近,也可以是语言外部的,如因语义空白而引起的词义引申、特殊的语用目的等。

There is a kind of synonyms such as yu（愚）-mei（昧）,qian（浅）-lou（陋）,hui（回）-fu（复）and so on,whose meaning became identical or close on the basis of metaphorical thinking,we call it a metaphorical synonym.The types of metaphorical synonyms can be divided into unidirectional and bidirectional,and the composition of synonym must meet two conditions simultaneously,one is the identical image schema or metasemanteme from perspective of semanteme,the other is a motivation of causing metaphorical projection,whose agent may be intralinguistic like some similarities in meaning and pronunciation,or be extralinguistic like semantic zero,special pragmatic purpose and so on.