国外经验对我国耕地休耕制度建立的启示——以美国、日本和欧盟为例

Enlightenment of Foreign Experience to the Establishment of Cultivated Land Fallow System in China——By Take the United States,Japan and the EU as examples

当前我国水土流失、土壤变薄、肥力下降、地下漏斗等一系列问题,使得耕地资源遭受到严重破坏,威胁着我国农业的可持续发展,这从客观上迫切要求我国实行耕地休耕。考虑到发达国家悠久的休耕历史、相对完备的休耕体系以及较好的休耕效果,对美国、日本、欧盟等发达国家和地区耕地休耕制度的基本情况与各自的特色进行阐述,并将休耕的背景、制度执行方式和效果进行综合对比,进而总结国外耕地休耕的经验,为我国耕地休耕制度的建立提供借鉴。

At present,there exist a series of problems such as soil and water loss,thinning of soil,decline of fertility,underground funnel and so on,which cause the cultivated land resources to be damaged severely,threaten the sustainable development of agriculture in our country,these urgently need to implement the policy of arable land fallow in China.At the same time,good domestic and foreign conditions also provide an opportunity for the fallowing of arable land in our country.In consideration of the long history of fallow farming,relatively complete fallow system and better fallow effect in developed countries,the basic situation and respective characteristics of cultivated land fallow system in the developed countries and regions such as the United States,Japan,the EU and so on were expounded.Based on comprehensive comparison of the background,purposes,types,the characteristics and the effect as well as the ways of execution,experiences of the overseas cultivated land fallow showed summarized to provide reference for the establishment of the fallow system of cultivated land in our country.