清代《史记》阐释中“实录”文学意义的转换

The Transformation of “Faithful Record” Literary Meaning durning the Interpretation of Shiji in the Qing Dynasty

"实录"是历代以来对《史记》史学意义上最重要的概括。清代研究者发挥了历代对《史记》"其文直,其事核,不虚美,不隐恶"的"实录"史学认知,认为《史记》以人传事的叙述模式,要达到"实录"的目的,必然要对人物做到生动、传神的"摹写""摹画",进行艺术化处理。清人把《史记》人物摹写的栩栩如生,生动传神,每个人物都跃然纸上、呼之欲出,称之为"实录"。这些认识扩展了对"实录"的探索,丰富发展了"实录"的内涵,准确深入地把握了《史记》写人的艺术特色。

＂Faithful record＂ is the most important since cord＂ s evil ancient times. In the Qing Dynasty, researchers summary of the historical significance of Shiji exerted the historical cognition of ＂Faithful re- ShiJi＇ narrative is simple and concise, neither exaggerating others, nor hiding other people＇ studies of the past dynasties. These scholars thought that the writer of Shiji was bound to take an artistic approach ＂Depicting＂ and ＂Drawing＂ in order to achieve the goal of ＂Faithful re- cord＂ by the Narrative Mode of human biography in Shiji, which made the characters of Shiji become lively and vivid. The researchers of the Qing Dynasty regarded ＂Faithful record＇as both vivid and live- ly. These understandings expanded the exploration of ＂Faithful record＂, enriched the connotation of ＂Faithful record＂ and accurately and deeply grasped the artistic features of the writers in Shiji.