阿拉善“人-驼-草”链条关系探析——人类学生态系统论的视角

Study of Alshaa "Human-Camel-Grass" Chain Relation——From the Point of Anthropology Ecosystem Theory

阿拉善蒙古族牧民通过长期的畜牧生产实践,积累了丰富的牧驼经验,并逐渐形成了完整的养驼习俗。本文深入分析"人-驼-草"三者的关系,对蒙古族牧驼文化的传承以及阿拉善生态环境的改善具有积极的推动作用。基于此,以阿拉善双峰驼为切入点,尝试从人类学生态系统理论视角出发,探讨了由阿拉善蒙古族牧民、双峰驼和荒漠草原三要素构成的链条式生态系统,牧驼文化已经成为当地牧民自身适应及生计方式的重要组成部分。今后亟须通过阿拉善非物质文化遗产保护项目实施等措施来传承蒙古族传统牧驼文化。相关部门制定环护政策时,应重视关注阿拉善蒙古族在人与环境的和谐互动上显示出的生态智慧,这将有利于阿拉善生态环境的有效改善。

Mongolian herdsmen have got a lot of experience and cultivated a complete camel-raising custom after long terms of livestock production practice. Depth understanding and analysis of ＂ human-camel-grass＂ has a positive promoting effects on the inheritance of Mongolian camel-raising culture and the improvement of Alashan ecosystem. Hence,from the point of anthropology ecosystem theory and with Alashan two-hump camel as a starting point,this paper discusses the chain ecosystem that consists of Alashan herdsman,two-hump camel and desert steppe. Camel-raising culture has became the important part of local herdsman＇s everyday life; We have to protect the Mongolian Camel-raising culture by implementing Alashan Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Project. Related departments should pay attention to the ecology wisdom that is shown by Alashan Mongolian during the human-environment harmonious interaction. It will be beneficial to the improvement of Alashan ecosystem.