中国与COP15——负责任环境大国的路径选择

China and COP 15:a path for responsible environmental power

《生物多样性公约》第15届缔约方大会(COP15)将于2020年在中国召开,这是《生物多样性公约》国际进程中一个承上启下的关键节点。本文尝试在国家自身发展阶段和履约动态的历史背景下,以国家环境外交战略为尺度,分析东道国承办大会的内在动因与收益。案例表明,举办较为成功的几次缔约方大会都体现出了与国家总体外交战略的紧密联系,取得了与本国国内或所在区域的生态环保政策相呼应的历史性成果,从而在推动《公约》进程的同时提振国内生物多样性工作,实现了边际效益的最大化。中国同样可以借助承办COP15的机会,逐步实现生态环境外交由被动到主动、由内向到外向的转型,与世界共谋全球生态文明建设之路。为实现该目标,会议筹备过程中应注重将其列入国家大外交日程,以主动、开放的姿态与国际社会合作,加强与区域及发展中国家的战略协同,充分总结《公约》履约的中国经验、中国方案,为推动建立更加公正、合理、高效的全球生物多样性治理体系作出贡献。

The Fifteenth Meeting of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity（COP15） will be hosted by China in 2020 and could become a milestone in the history of the Convention. This article aims to identify lessons that can be learnt by China in preparation for COP15. The internal motivations and political gains of several host countries with respect to previous COPs were analyzed by looking at national environmental foreign policies against the backdrop of the country＇s development and corresponding progress made in convention implementation. This case study of successful COPs indicates that host countries do not treat it as an isolated event but an action under the country＇s foreign policy strategy, which provides a strong momentum for the country to contribute to the process. Additionally, by formulating host country initiatives in harmony with existing national and regional policies in the field, the host country was able to optimize marginal effects and gains at both the national and global level. China could also make use the opportunity of hosting COP15 to gradually transform its passive and inward-looking eco-environmental foreign policy into an outward-looking one featuring active engagement and work on eco-civilization along with the international community. In preparation for COP15, China should work together with international stakeholders, reinforce regional strategic coordination and synergism with developing countries, and share Chinese experiences in biodiversity conservation in order to contribute to the creation of a fair, rational, and efficient system of global biodiversity governance.