权利平等、单一工资率与劳动力市场城乡整合测量

Equal Rights,Single Wage Rate and Measurement on Urban-Rural Integration

城镇劳动力市场的城乡整合始终是十分重要的政策议题之一,学界研究成果颇丰但信息的综合性和可比性不足。本文以"权利平等"为核心,以"单一工资率"为依据,综合城乡整合涉及的择业机会、雇佣工资、社会保险等各个层面,构建了劳动力市场城乡整合指数,运用"中国家庭收入调查"数据开展实证测量,提供了城镇劳动力市场城乡整合的水平状态、结构特征及动态演变信息。研究表明:城镇劳动力市场城乡整合水平逐步趋于提高,整合指数从2002年的0.5692上升到2013年的0.7745;整合水平的提高源自雇佣工资层面快速整合的贡献,社会保险层面没有显著变化,而择业机会层面的整合程度则趋于下降;未来劳动力市场的城乡整合,应关注执法的严肃性和公平性,推进城乡劳动者享有社会保险权利的平等,要从消除部门分割、行业分割、职业分割上着力,推进城乡劳动者择业机会权利的平等。

The integration of urban-rural labors in urban labor markets has been an important policy topic. The research is abundant, but the information lacks comprehensiveness and comparability. Based on the idea of equal rights ＂and the single wage rate＇ theory, with a comprehensive consideration of different layers in career opportunity, employer salary and social security, this paper designed an overall index for urban-rural integration. By using the CHIPs data to carry out empirical measurements, this paper provides the integration level, structure characteristic and dynamic evolution information. The results show that the urban-rural integration level in the urban labor market is gradually increasing from 0. 5692 in 2002 to 0. 7745 in 2013. The improvement is due to the rapid integration of the wage level, while the social security level has not changed significantly and the degree of integration of career opportunities is tending downwards. For the future integration of urban-rural labors, the equality of social security and job opportunity for urban-rural labors should be promoted by focusing on the rigorousness and fairness of regulation enforcement and by emphasizing on eliminating the divisions in departments, industries and professions.