我国城乡公共客运政策法规分析及思考

Analysis and Considerations on Policies and Regulations of Urban-rural Transit in China

城乡公共客运是联系城乡、服务居民出行的重要纽带,也是城乡基本公共服务均等化发展的重要组成部分。考察中央与地方在城乡公共客运领域施行的政策法规建设实践,在发展理念、作用对象、经营主体与扶持监管方面建立了层级丰富的制度体系,对城乡公共客运"网络化"、"一体化"、"均等化"发展产生了积极的推动作用。通过对现有城乡公共客运政策法规体系的梳理与比较,建议在四个方面强化城乡公共客运领域的法治保障能力:一是提升立法层次;二是完善各级政府"权利一职责"规则结构;三是健全监管与救济法律机制;四是设计合理的公共财政扶持制度。

The urban-rural transit is an important tie between town and country and brings convenience to residents, which is also an important component of equalization in urban-rural basic public service. By comparing the central and local institutional policies and regulations of urban-rural transit, it is found effective hierarchy structures of development concept, object, operation main body, support and supervision have been established, which promote the development of networking, integrating and equalizing for the urban-rural transit. The results of the comparative analysis show that the legislation guarantee capacity have to be enhanced from four aspects： Raise the effectiveness level of legislation, improve the rights and responsibility rule structure of governments at all levels, perfect the legal mechanism of supervision and remedy, and design a reasonable public financial support system.