西方学界视角中的苏联政治学(20世纪50～80年代)

The Soviet Politics in Western Academic Vision(1950s-1980s)

苏联政治学是反映苏联政治发展变迁的一个重要参照系。1990年以前政治学并不被苏联官方承认为一门独立的学科。但自20世纪50年代起,苏联就建立了政治学学会,并将政治学的部分研究与教学课题分散于其他学科中。政治学以一种实质存在的方式在苏联得到了发展。同时,苏联政治学对苏联政治的影响力也与日俱增。从1950~1990年这40年间,西方学者对苏联政治学的发展保持了高度关注,并在一个"观察—判断—发现矛盾—重新认识"的过程中不断加深对苏联政治学发展模式的理解。同时,他们还试图从外交决策、中央理论、地方实践等多个层面解读苏联政治学与苏联政治间的互动关系。因此,对西方学者研究苏联政治学的作品与过程进行分析,既有利于对苏联政治研究提供更多理论模型的参考,也有利于对苏联政治思想与政治制度研究提供方法论上的借鉴。

The Soviet political science is an important reference to the vicissitudes of Soviet political development.Political science was not officially recognized as an independent discipline by the Soviet authority until 1990.However,political society has established and dispersed some of its research and teaching subjects in other disciplines in the Soviet Union.At the same time,political science has increasingly influence in the Soviet politics.During 40 years,from 1950 to 1990,western scholars paid close attention to the Soviet political science.They deeply understood the development model of the Soviet political science through the processes from observation,judgment,uncovering contradiction to recognition.They also tried to interpret the interaction between Soviet political science and the Soviet politics from various aspects such as decision-making of foreign policy,central(government)theory and local practice.Therefore,review of the works of the Soviet political science by the western scholars provides more theoretical models for study of the Soviet political science models,and presents alternative methodology to study of the Soviet political thought and political system either.