北京地区树木花粉变应原致敏特点分析

An analysis of spectrum of allergen sensitization among patients with tree pollen allergy in Beijing

目的:探讨北京地区树木花粉的致敏特点,并分析其与气传花粉的关系。方法:将2017年1~7月份变态反应科就诊的2 521例过敏性疾病患者纳入研究,均接受8种树木花粉变应原点刺试验(SPT)。结果:(1)树木花粉SPT阳性率为49.3%(1 244/2 521)。男性致敏率高于女性(56.4%vs 45.0%,P<0.01)。儿童组花粉致敏阳性率显著高于成人组(55.9%vs 48.6%,P<0.05)。树木花粉致敏趋向于多重致敏,≥3种树木花粉阳性率为26.3%,占总阳性人群的53.3%。(2)树木花粉致敏的阳性率呈现典型的季节高峰,3月份阳性率最高(62.2%),其次为5月份(52.1%),最低为1月份(27.9%)。花粉致敏阳性率与空气中花粉总量高度相关(r=0.929,P<0.01)。(3)圆柏花粉点刺阳性率最高(34.6%),其次为杨树(21.3%),槐树(13.3%)。不同花粉的致敏率和空气中的含量高度相关(r=0.714,P<0.05)。结论:北京地区主要致敏树种为圆柏。春季树木花粉致敏呈现季节性,3月份为致敏高峰期。春季树木花粉致敏率与空气中的播散量有关。

Objective：To explore the feature of allergic sensitization of tree pollen and the relationship between tree pollen and airborne pollen in Beijing.Method：Two thousand five hundred and twenty-one patients with allergic diseases were enrolled between January to July in 2017 in an allergy department.All patients received SPT of 8 kinds of tree pollen.Result：（1）The overall tree pollen positive rate of SPT was 49.3%（1 244/2 521）.Male had a higher positive rate than female（56.4% vs 45.0%,P〈0.01）while child group had a higher positive rate than adult group（55.9% vs 48.6%,P〈0.05）.The poly sensitization was observed with a rate of 26.3%,take the percentage of 53.3% of the overall positive subjects.（2） The highest sensitization rate was found in March（62.2%）,followed by May（52.1%）,the lowest was January（27.9%）.There was a positive correlation between tree pollen sensitization rate and pollen count of each month（r=0.929,P〈0.01）.（3）Cypress had the highest positive rate（34.6%）,followed by poplar（21.3%）,the lowest was sophora（13.3%）.The sensitization rate was positively correlated with pollen count among different tree pollen（r=0.714,P〈0.05）.Conclusion：The main allergic pollen in Beijing was cypress.The tree pollen sensitization showed a seasonality with the peak in March.The sensitization status was tightly associated with the amount of airborne pollen.