“宁案”与中法外交

Nanjing Incident and Sino-French Relationship

1927年3月24日,北伐军攻占南京期间爆发了针对外国人的骚乱,祸及外侨生命和财产,史称"宁案"。事后国民政府与列强展开谈判。法国要求国民政府惩凶、道歉和赔偿,而国民政府则借机提出修订中法不平等条约的要求。修约议题遂成双方争论的焦点。1927年4月至1928年10月,随着国民政府推翻北洋政府逐渐统一全国,法方的态度经历了拒绝修约、有条件修约和无条件修约三个阶段。中法宁案协议的起草和历次修改,反映了法国政府的对华政策从北伐之初的中立观望到逐步承认国民政府合法性的过程。国民党派系斗争、国民政府外交政策的变化、北伐军事成功、中美中英宁案谈判都直接影响了中法协议的内容和谈判进程,展现了北伐期间中外关系的复杂面向。

March 24,1927, when the Northern Expeditionary Army occupied Nanjing, a riot of Chinese soldiers, known as ＂Nanjing incident＂, happened against the foreigners and their properties. Afterwards, the French Government demanded the punishment of the soldiers, the apologies and the indemnity, while the Nationalist Government took the opportunity to propose the revision of the unequal treaties between China and France, which became the focus of the debate. Along with the Beijing Government was overthrown by the Northern Expeditionary Army, the attitude of French Government has undergone three stages： refusal to revise the Sino-French treaties, conditional revision of the treaties and unconditional revision of the treaties. The draft and revision of the Sinc^French Agreement between March 1927 and October 1928 reflected the turn of the French Government＇s policy from the neutrality at the beginning of the Northern Expedition to the recognition of the legitimacy of the Nationalist Government. The conflict between the KMT factions,the changes of the foreign policy of the Nationalist Government, the success of the Northern Expedition, the Sino-British and Sino-American negotiations on the Nanjing incident have directly affected the terms of the Sino-French Agreement,which demonstrated the barometer of the Sino-foreign relations during the Northern Expedition.