德国大学自治公法规制的经典内涵与现代诠释

Classical Connotation and Modern Annotation of the Public Law Regulation of University Autonomy in Germany

德国大学自治的公法规制表现为公法人制度对大学自治的维系、恪守与保障,旨在建构国家监督与大学自治的动态平衡与合作伙伴关系。德国公立大学在传统上被赋予公法社团与公营造物的双重法律地位,形成学术自治与国家管制并存的双重集权结构。20世纪90年代以来,受新公共管理运动的影响,新调控模式被部分引入德国高等教育改革中,大学自治的公法规制被重新诠释。形塑国家规制、学术自治、管理自治、利益相关者引导与竞争机制五种治理机制良性互动的"治理均衡器",构成德国大学自治公法规制的现代内涵。

Public legal regulation of university autonomy in Germany reflects classically as maintenance and protection of public corporation system to university autonomy, it aims to construct the dynamic balance and partnership between state supervision and university autonomy. Traditionally, affected by the concept of cultural countries, public universities in Germany have been given the dual legal status of Public association and Public Installation, they have the dual centralization structure in which academic autonomy and state control co- exist. Since the 1990s, influenced by the NPM movement, the new regulation model has been introduced into Germany＇s higher education reform agenda, the classical connotation of the public law regulation of university autonomy has been reinterpreted. The governance ＂e- qualizer＂, which is shaped by rational distinction, complex interaction and dynamic balance of state regulation , academic autonomy, management autonomy, stakeholder guidance and competition mechanism, constitutes the modern connotation of the public legal regulation of German universities.