黄河下游河道治理三维数值模拟研究

Research on the training of Lower Yellow River based on three dimensional numerical simulation

本文采用三维水沙数学模型,根据不同重现期洪水的设计水沙条件,对黄河下游花园口至艾山河段的去生产堤方案和两道防线方案进行了模拟计算。重点关注了两种治理方案下不同场次洪水的演进过程、河道冲淤、输沙特性和典型滩区的分洪退水过程,模拟结果表明:与去生产堤方案相比,两道防线方案中的洪水演进过程因防护堤的运用方式而在不同场次洪水中差异明显;同时两道防线方案可有效地保护滩区,减缓滩区大规模的淹没,发挥防灾减灾的功效;此外,从输沙能力变化和冲淤分布比较来看,两道防线方案较去生产堤方案可提高河道的输沙能力,减少河道的淤积。

This research aims to investigate the impacts of river training in the lower reach of the Yellow River through a three-dimensional model. Four design floods with different return periods were chosen from historical records as incoming hydrographs to simulate flood events in the region of Huayuankou to Aishan. Results under two training measures, i.e., the measures without production levees and the new measure with two defence lines, were compared with each other. We analyzed the results with focus on the charac- ter of flood propagation, erosion and deposition, sediment transport, flood diversion and inundation on a typical floodplain. The results clearly revealed the training measure with two defence lines can not only pro- tect the floodplains from being inundated, but also lead to sedimentation reduction in the whole reach com- pared with the measure without production levees. It indicates that the measure with two defence lines can benefit the prevention and reduction of flood disasters, and improve the sediment transport capacity.