我国4种规模奶牛养殖生产要素配置现状及其优化研究--基于Translog-SFA的技术效率分析

Analysis of the Current Situation in Four Kinds of Scale Cow Resource Allocation and Optimization in China

本文采用超越对数随机前沿模型对2006—2015年全国4种规模奶牛养殖的生产要素配置现状、各投入要素的贡献率、技术损失效率及其影响因素进行了剖析。结果表明:中规模奶牛(51~500头)养殖要素配置相对最优,大规模(500头以上)急需提高生产前沿面,散养(1~10头)和小规模(11~50头)的要素配置最差;目前技术效率的提高主要依赖于饲料的投入,但这种粗放、低效的养殖方式已不能持续为我国奶牛增产提供支持;各投入要素的产出弹性均为正值,说明我国奶牛产业正处于规模报酬递增阶段,技术进步对于突破我国奶牛产值瓶颈有巨大的潜力。基于以上结论,提出推广中小规模奶牛养殖模式、加快奶牛养殖技术创新与进步、支持和引导农户养殖等对策建议。

The factors, which were current situation in cow resource allocation and optimization, contribution rate of each input factor, the reason for the loss of technical efficiency were analyzed by the stochastic frontier model in the form of transcendental logarithmic function and the data from the four kinds of size during the period of 2006--2015. Results show that the mid-scale cow （51 - 500 cows） breeding elements weve relative optimal configuration, the large （more than 500 cows） were in urgent need of increasing production frontier, free-range （1 - 10cows） and small （11 - 50 cows） elements was the configuration of the worst. The efficiency of the current technology mainly depends on the feed input, but this extensive, inefficient breeding methods cannot continue provide support for cow production in our country; All the inputs of the output elasticity was positive, cow industry in China is in progressing scale stage, technological progress for the breakthrough of our country cow production bottleneck has great potential. Based on the above conclusion, promote we can suggest to of small and medium-sized cow breeding mode, speed up the cow technology innovation and progress, support and guide farmers breeding, etc.