杂谈猪的遗传改良——辩证对待氟烷敏感基因

By-talks about Pig Genetic Improvement: Treat Halothane Gene Dialectically

氟烷敏感基因(Hal^n)是影响商品猪肉质的主效基因之一,隐性纯合基因型(nn)个体极易应激死亡。Hal^n自被发现以来,我国便开始了清除该基因的工作。然而,法系皮特兰(P)仍然携带该基因且基因频率较高,暗示对该基因需辩证对待。事实上,大量研究表明,杂合型个体(Nn)较显性纯合基因型(NN)个体在日增重、屠宰率、瘦肉率等性状上存在明显优势,在肉质上除系水力外无明显劣势。在皮×长大(P×LY)三元杂交生产体系当中,如果采用"P♂(nn)×LY♀(NN)"模式,辅以对nn型种公猪的精细化管理及人工授精,则可趋利避害,充分发挥Hal^n的有利作用。有鉴于此,建议业界对该基因慎重对待并开展深入研究。

Halothane gene （Haln） is one of major genes affecting pork quality, and the recessive homozygous genotype （nn） can result in stress reaction, such as PSE and PSS. Thus, the process to remove this gene from each breed began in China since it was confirmed. However, the Haln gene still exists and the gene frequency is very high in the Pietrain population which suggested us to treat the gene dialectically. In fact, a lot of research shows heterozygous individuals （HalNn） perform better than dominant homozygous individuals （HalNN） in average daily gain, dressing percentage, lean percentage, etc., and have no significant differences in meat quality except Water Holding Capacity. From this viewpoint, we will benefit from the following measures： （1） using Halnn males （eg. Pietrain） as terminal boars, and HalNN females （eg. Landrance^Yorkshire） as parental sows to produce HalNn commercial pigs. （2） administrating the Halnn boars more carefully and applying artificial insemination. For the reason above, it is recommended to study Haln further.