基于微观模拟的多层地铁站疏散效率研究

On efficiency of evacuation from multi-floor metro station based on microscopic simulation

为客观评估复杂多层建筑物的人员疏散效率,以一个3层地铁站为例,用City Flow流微观人员疏散模型模拟不同疏散场景,量化分析人员分布情况、电梯操作方式、人员寻路行为3方面的场景设置变数对疏散结果的影响,提出楼层疏散效率概念,探讨多楼层建筑结构人员疏散过程中如何摆脱疏散场景设置的变数,客观评价建筑结构自身的疏散效率。结果表明:增加手扶电梯E3使疏散时间减少9.8%,让大多数人选择楼梯S2可减少16.9%的疏散时间;距离安全出口越远的区域受疏散场景调整的影响越大,整体疏散效率的提高取决于所有疏散通道之间的相互平衡和配合;楼层疏散效率能反映各楼层自身属性,是客观有效的评价指标。

In order to objectively assess the efficiency of evacuation from complex multi-floor buildings,simulations were carried out for different scenarios of evacuation from a three-floor subway station by using the City Flow microscopic pedestrian evacuation simulation model. Effect of occupant distribution,escalator operation status and way-finding behaviors on the evacuation results were analyzed quantitatively. A concept of ＂ floor evacuation efficiency＂ was proposed to get rid of the uncertainties induced by evacuation scenario setup for evacuation from multi-floor buildings,based on which an objective evacuation efficiency evaluation method was discussed. The results show that adding an escalator E3 to the station reduces the evacuation time by 9.8%,that allowing most of the people to choose the stair S2 reduces the evacuation time by 16.9%,that the farther an area from the exits is,the stronger the effect adjustments in evacuation scenarios on it will be,that the improvement of evacuation efficiency largely depends on the balance andcoordination between all the evacuation paths,and that the floor evacuation efficiency reflects the floor＇s independent features and is an objective and effective indicator.