朝鲜古代文坛“工拙”论的展开与演进

The Unfolding and Gradual Progress of the Clumsy Work Theory in the Ancient Chosun Literary Circles

朝鲜文人的"工拙"论,呈现出"不论工拙"的倾向,即相对诗歌的外在修辞而言,更加注重诗歌的内在精神,把"言志""性情""德行"作为判断工拙的三大指标,这与他们抵制文坛上出现的过度修饰词句的风气,以及企图把文学创作重新拉回儒家功能体系中的期望有关。同时,他们还提出诗文创作工拙之间的转换存在三种路径,分别是天才、学识与穷达,其中天才是上天赋予且不可逆转的,学识是可以后天培养且能企及的,而穷达则强调人生际遇的穷变会让诗文创作更加精进。

The Clumsy Work Theory of Chosun literati has a tendency of non-consideration of clumsy work,in other words,compared with the external rhetoric of poetry,it pays more attention to the inner spirit of poetry,using expression,personality and virtue as three judgment indicators. It is the result of literati＇s resistance against excessive refinement words and their expectation to bring literary creation back to Confucian functional system. At the same time,they put forward three ways of conversion in poetry writing,namely genius,knowledge and poverty. They believe that genius is God given and irreversible; knowledge can be learned and is reachable; while poverty in life will make poetry more sophisticated and elaborate.