东南丘陵区农村生活能源消费结构时空变异分析

STUDY ON SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY OF RURAL HOUSEHOLD ENERGY CONSUMPTION STRUCTURE IN HILLY AREAS OF SOUTHEAST CHINA

[目的]为明确我国农村能源消费结构的区域特征,推动我国东南丘陵区农村经济和能源环境的可持续发展。[方法]以1991~2014年农村能源的统计数据为基准,选取上海、浙江、福建、江西、湖北、湖南、广东、海南等8个省(市),系统分析了煤、电、油、液化石油气、天然气、煤气、秸秆、柴薪、沼气和太阳能等能源消费结构的变化特征。[结果](1)从能源消费强度看,东南丘陵区农村生活能源消费总量呈现先升高后下降的趋势(以2004年为分界点),2014年较1991年降低了14%;农村生活能源人均消费量呈逐渐升高的趋势,增幅为34%。(2)从能源消费结构来看,非商品能源消费所占比重逐渐下降,而商品能源消费比重显著提升,并于2011年后开始高于非商品能源;秸秆和柴薪的消费比重从1991年的80.8%降至2014年的39.6%,而煤、电、沼气、油、液化石油气、太阳能消费比重均显著增加,分别达到28.4%、17.7%、3.5%、2.9%、4.7%、14%、3%。(3)从能源消费区域结构看,不同省份之间农村生活能源变化存在区域异质性,湖南和海南省生活能源消费总量呈升高趋势,其余5省份则相反;至2014年,浙江、江西、湖南、广东商品能源开始占主导地位,而福建、湖北和海南省秸秆、柴薪的利用比重仍高于50%。[结论]因地制宜开展多元化、重点化、渐进化的农村能源发展模式,推动区域能源结构调整,是保障东南丘陵区农村生活能源有效供应、推动农村经济发展的理性选择。

Rural energy is an important indicator for the healthy development of the rural economy, and plays a decisive role in the whole energy consumption system. In order to clarify the regional characteristics of rural energy consumption structure in China and promote the sustainable development of rural economy and energy environment in hilly areas of Southeast China, eight provinces such as Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Jiangxi, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong and Hainan were selected, and the characteristics of consumption of coal, electricity, oil, liquefied petroleum gas, natural gas, gas, straw, firewood, biogas and solar energy were analyzed systematically, which based on the statistical data of rural energy from 1991 to 2014. The results showed that （1） total life energy consumption increased first and then declined （year 2004 as the cutoff point）, and decreased by 14% in 2014 compared with 1991, while per capita consumption increased by 34% in 2014 compared with 1991. （2） From the energy consumption structure, the proportion of non-commercial energy consumption decreased gradually, while the proportion of commercial energy consumption improved significantly and higher than non-commercial energy after 2011. The proportion of straw and firewood consumption reduced by 39.6% in 2014 from 80.8% in 1991, but the proportion of coal, electricity, gas, oil, liquefied petroleum gas and solar energy consumption increased significantly by 28.4%, 17.7%, 3.5%, 2.9%, 4.7%, 14% and 3% in 2014, respectively. （3） From the regional structure, there was a regional heterogeneity among different provinces, the total household energy consumption showed an increase in Hunan and Hainan provinces, but an opposite trend for other five provinces; commercial energy dominated rural life energy structure in 2014 for Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong provinces; the proportion of straw and firewood was still higher than 50% in 2014 for Fujian, Hubei and Hainan provinces. Therefore, carrying out diversification, focus and gradualization of rural energy development model, and then promoting the regional energy structure adjustment, was a reasonable choice for hilly areas of southeast China to safeguard rural energy supply and promote rural economic development.