云南省特色农产品产地优势研究

THE ADVANTAGES OF SPECIAL AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS IN YUNNAN PROVINCE

[目的]从产地优势入手分析云南省特色农产品的发展,以期为云南省特色农产品区域发展和产业规划提供借鉴。[方法]文章根据云南省特色农产品的年产量及其在全国的地位和发展优势,确定其主要特色农产品为茶叶、烟草、咖啡、野生菌和鲜花,采用实地调查法和统计分析法,从土壤、气候特点和交通区位等方面分析云南省主要特色农产品的产地优势。[结果]云南省四大产茶区以山地红壤为主,土壤偏酸性,温度适中,降雨充沛,湿度大,完全符合茶树的生长条件,该地具有天然的产茶优势。云南由于海拔较高纬度较低、日照充足且夏季气温偏低,对烤烟糖分积累有益,其烟碱含量相对较低,尤其是六大烤烟产区气候环境完全符合烤烟生长条件,特别适宜烤烟生长,因此云南六大烤烟产区的烤烟产量历年位居全国第一。云南省西南地区的气候条件特别符合小粒咖啡生长的要求,再加上独特的区位优势,是咖啡大量销往国内、国际两个市场。云南高温高湿的环境完全符合野生菌生长的要求,使多种野生菌在云南大量繁殖。独特的地理位置、特殊的地形地貌和良好的水热条件共同作用下,云南花卉具有周年生长的优势。[结论]云南省盛产多种特色农产品主要得益于当地独特的地理环境和土壤气候条件。根据不同农产品对生长环境的要求可将云南省优势农产品划分为滇西茶叶和烤烟产区、滇东烤烟产区、滇西南咖啡产区、滇南野生菌产区和滇中鲜切花产区5个区域。借助独特的地理环境优势发展集约化生产,云南省特色农产品必将会充分发挥产地优势,带动区域经济更好更快发展。

To analyze the development of special agricultural products in Yunnan province can provide a reference for regional development and industrial planning of Yunnan province. Using the field investigation and statistical analysis method, this paper analyzed the advantages of the main characteristic agricultural products （tea, tobacco, coffee, wild mushroom and flowers） of Yunnan province from the aspects of soil, climate characteristics and traffic location. The results showed that the four major producing areas were dominated by mountain red soil, with moderate acidity, moderate temperature, abundant rainfall and high humidity. Due to the high altitude, low summer temperatures, adequate sunshine, the accumulation of sugar in the flue-cured tobacco was high and the nicotine content was relatively low in the 6 major tobacco producing areas. The climatic conditions in southwest can meet the requirements of small grain coffee growth, coupled with a unique geographical advantage. Unique geographical location, special terrain and good water and heat conditions played important role in Yunnan flowers growth. It concluded that Yunnan Province had advantages for the characteristics agricultural products, mainly due to the unique geographical environment and soil and climate conditions. The dominant agricultural products were divided into Yunnan tea and flue-cured tobacco producing areas, southwest coffee producing areas, Yunnan wild mushroom producing areas, and fresh cut flower producing areas. The characteristics agricultural products will give full play the advantages of origin to promote regional economic development.