黄土高原草地植被对土壤侵蚀影响研究进展

Advances in Researches of the Effects of Grassland Vegetation on Soil Erosion in Loess Plateau

黄土高原土壤侵蚀严重,草地植被具有良好的水土保持作用,能很好地改善其生态环境。学者们对草地植被盖度与土壤侵蚀的关系、草地植被对水力学参数的影响、草地植被对土壤性质的影响、草地植被减水减沙效应以及草地坡面土壤侵蚀过程等几个方面开展了大量研究;但是关于草地覆盖诱发的侵蚀作用研究较少。将前人的研究成果进行归纳总结,并补充关于草地诱发侵蚀的一些研究结果,继而指出目前研究中存在的问题以及今后需要加强的方面,旨在减少黄土高原土壤侵蚀。

Soil erosion is a serious global environmental problem which limits the survival and development of human beings. In our country, due to the special physical geography and socio-economic conditions, soil erosion intensity is great, which is particularly prominent in Loess Plateau region. Therefore, preventing and controlling soil erosion, as well as reducing soil erosion in Loess Plateau have become the key to solving environmental prob- lems in the region. Soil erosion on Loess Plateau is serious, and grassland vegetation has good effects on soil and water conservation, which can improve ecological environment well. After the implementation of the project about returning farmland to grassland on Loess Plateau, the ecological benefits mainly focused on soil and water conserva- tion benefits, soil improvement benefits, water conservation benefits and species diversity benefits, etc. Grassland vegetation has an irreplaceable role in the construction of the ecological environment on Loess Plateau. Therefore, the role of grassland in preventing soil erosion has received more and more attention. Scholars have done lots of re- search involved in the relationship between grassland coverage and soil erosion, impacts of grassland on hydrody- namic parameters, effects of grassland on soil properties, reduction effects of grassland on runoff and sediment, and erosion process on grassland slope. However, there is little research on erosion effect induced by grassland cov- er. This paper mainly pointed out the following questions： First, grassland cover is influenced by many factors, the relationship with soil erosion from the dynamic mechanism is rarely discussed; Second, there is no well-devel- oped theory of overland flow erosion at present, which limits the study of hydrodynamic parameters on slope; Third, establishment of mathematical model between grassland grassland cover and soil resistance can accelerate the quantitative analysis of grassland influence on erosion ; Fourth, comprehensive analysis of influencing factors on wa- ter reduction and sediment reduction effect on grassland are insufficient; Fifth, there are not many mechanisms to analyze the erosion process of grassland slope by using the hydrodynamic characteristics suits on grassland-induced erosion are mainly focused on leading to soil dry layer of slope ; sixth, research re- and we should continue to strengthen in the future. This paper summarized the previous results, and supplemented some studies about erosion caused by grassland, then pointed out the existing problema in current research and the：areas that need to be strengthened in the future, aiming at reducing soil erosion on.the Loess Plateau.