多中心治理视角下慈善超市角色与困境--基于S市的调查

Understanding the Role and Dilemma of Charity Store from a Polycentric Governance Perspective: The S-City Case Study

慈善超市在中国开展运营已有14年时间,但其面临的生存状况却持续恶化。为探究慈善超市在基层治理中的主要角色和面临困境,本研究对S市慈善超市展开访谈和参与式观察,并基于多中心治理视角对调查结果进行分析。调查发现,S市慈善超市可以分为政府运作型、企业运作型和社会组织运作型三类,分别扮演着救助领域政府助手、日常生活用品销售者和社区社会服务机构三种不同角色。S市慈善超市集中面临的困境是其公益属性与商业属性的不调和,需要通过标准化建设、市场化改革和网络化运营三重路径予以改善和提升。

The charity stores have been established in China for 14 years, yet their operation status continues to deteriorate. In order to discover the major role of charity store in the local governance system and the key dilemma it face, the study is conducted through in-depth interviews and participatory observation in S-City＇ s charity stores, as well as the in-depth analysis based on polycentric governance theory. This paper argues that charity store in S-City can be classified into three types, which are Government-operated, Enterprise-operated and Social Organization-operated. Each type of the charity store plays a different role in local governance： Government-operated charity store assists government for social relief work; Enterprise-operated charity store functions as the commodity retailer; and Social Organization-operated charity store serves as the community social service provider. The major dilemma encountered by charity stores in S-City is their imbalance between public welfare attribute and commercial attribute. To solve this dilemma, measures such as standardization, marketization and cyber technology should be adopted.