少数民族大学生创业能力的自我评价及开发策略——基于新疆高校的问卷调查

Self-evaluation and Development Strategy of Minority College Students' Entrepreneurial Competence—— Based on Questionnaire in Xinjiang Universities

少数民族大学生是民族地区创业的主体之一,提升少数民族大学生创业能力是适应就业新形势的需要,也是民族地区经济社会发展的需要。本文通过新疆7所高校少数民族大学生的实地调查,首先分析了少数民族大学生创业能力的现状,其次分析了文化因素、社会因素和个体因素对少数民族大学生创业能力的影响,最后从人力资源开发视角提出少数民族大学生创业能力开发的策略。研究结果表明,少数民族大学生机会识别能力、资源整合能力和创新能力的自我评价较低;多元文化习得、民族文化保护等文化因素,创业教育与民族网络等社会因素,以及创业意愿、创业动机、创业导向与创业学习等个人因素均对少数民族大学生创业能力存在显著正向影响;少数民族大学生创业能力提升应该取决于人力资源的协同开发。

Minority college student is one of the main bodies of entrepreneurship in ethnic areas. The promotion of entrepreneurial competence of the minority college students is the need of adapting to the new situation of employment and the development of economy and society in ethnic areas. Based on the investigation of the status quo of entrepreneurial competence of minority college students from seven universities in Xinjiang, this paper analyzes self-evaluation of eight dimensions of the entrepreneurial competence, and then analyzes the influence of cultural factors, social factors and individual factors on the entrepreneurial competence of minority college students. Finally, based on the perspective of human resource development, this paper puts forward the countermeasures and suggestions to the development of entrepreneurial competence of minority college students. The results show that minority college students have low self-evaluation scores on their competence of opportunity recognition, resource integration and innovation competence. Cultural factors such as muhicuhural acquisition and ethnic protection, social factors such as entrepreneurial education and ethnic network, and individual factors such as entrepreneurial intentio, entrepreneurial motivation, entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial learning have significant positive impacts on the entrepreneurial competence of minority college students. Therefore, the promotion of entrepreneurial competence of minority college students is a collaborative development of human resources.