德国高中与大学教育衔接:背景、举措及特征

Transition from Secondary School to University in Germany:Backgrounds,Measurements and Trends

进入高等教育大众化以来,德国高等教育质量下降。在中等教育和高等教育系统都发生重大变革的背景下,德国开始以高中与大学衔接的视角来审视高等教育质量问题。德国通过改革文理中学考试和自主招生选拔程序、创新课程形式、紧扣升学指导、大学初年辅导等形式促进高中与大学更好地衔接,形成了区域合作完善、普职衔接互通、注重能力衔接的德国模式。未来德国可能出现大学的分化,以及招生方式的变革,这些趋势对高中与大学衔接有何影响,应引起重视。

The quality of higher education in Germany has declined since its massifi- cation. In the context of the major changes in secondary and high education systems, Ger- many began to examine the quality of higher education from the perspective of transition from high school（Gymnasium） to University. German model, which is characterized by sol- id regional cooperation, flexible connection between normal and vocational education and great focus on the transition of students＇ ability, has formed through the reform of examina- tion in high school （Gymnasium）and independent students selection process of University, innovative curriculum forms, closely follow the guidance of students, college counseling and first year college tutoring to promote better transition between high school and universi- ty. In the future, there could be differentiation and changes universities, and what these trends would affect the transition versity need to be noticed. in enrollment in the German between high school and uni-versity need to be noticed.